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Aerolíneas_Argentinas (Argentina)

Coordinates: 34°3612S 58°2254W / 34.60333°S 58.38167°W / -34.60333; -58.38167

Aerolíneas Argentinas
IATA
AR[1]		 ICAO
ARG[1]		 Callsign
ARGENTINA[1]
Founded 14 May 1949 (1949-05-14) (62 years ago)
Commenced operations 7 December 1950 (1950-12-07)
Hubs
Secondary hubs
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer program Aerolíneas Plus
Airport lounge Salón Cóndor[2]
Alliance SkyTeam (2012)
Subsidiaries
Fleet size 44
Destinations 56
Company slogan Alta en el cielo
(English: Up high in the sky)
Parent company Argentine Government (99.4%)[3]
Headquarters Buenos Aires, Argentina
Key people
Revenue US$1,174.5 million (FY 2010) (incl. all subsidiaries)[6]
Net income US$486 million (FY 2010) (incl. all subsidiaries)[6]
Website www.aerolineas.aero

Aerolíneas Argentinas (English: Argentine Airlines), formally Aerolíneas Argentinas S.A.,[7] is Argentina's largest airline and serves as the country's flag carrier.[8] Owned in its majority by the Argentine Government,[3] the airline is headquartered in the Torre Bouchard, located in San Nicolás, Buenos Aires.[7][9] Aerolíneas Argentinas Cargo, domestic airline Austral Líneas Aéreas, ramp service provider Aerohandling, cargo division JetPaq S.A., and tourism operator Optar S.A. are listed as Aerolíneas Argentinas subsidiaries.[10]

The airline and its subsidiaries operates from two hubs, both located in Buenos Aires.[1] Operations of domestic and regional flights are concentrated at Aeroparque Jorge Newbery, which also serves as its operating base, whereas Ministro Pistarini International Airport is mainly used for international services, although some regional and few domestic services are operated as well.[5][11] The company provides free-of-charge transportation to those passengers that need to change from one airport to the other.[12]

Under Skytrax five-star ranking, the Aerolíneas Argentinas service merits three stars.[13] The company does not currently participate in any airline alliance, although it is expected it will join SkyTeam in 2012.[14][15]

Contents

History

Early years to privatisation

The history of the airline can be traced back to 1929, when Compagnie Generale Aeropostale started airmail operations between Buenos Aires and Asunción;[16] it later expanded its network to cities located in the Patagonia.[16] Frenchmen Antoine de Saint-Exupéry,[3] Jean Mermoz, Henri Guillaumet, and Paul Vachet,[citation needed] were among the first pilots that flew for the company. Argentine personnel occupied vacant posts left by the Frenchmen as they gradually withdrew from the airline,[16] and shortly after the Argentine company Aeroposta Argentina was formed. In 1947 this airline stepped into a mixed-stock company, in which the Government had a 20% stake and private investors held the balance.[16]

As Aeroposta expanded its network southwards and incorporated the Douglas DC-3 into its fleet, other three mixed-stock companies were present at that time: ALFA (Aviación del Litoral Fluvial Argentino) mainly operated flying boats northwards to the Mesopotamia, FAMA (Flota Aérea Mercante Argentina) operated overseas services with DC-4s as its mainstay equipment, and ZONDA (Zonas Oeste y Norte de Aerolíneas Argentinas) was mainly concerned with operations in the northwest region.[16] As these carriers started being unprofitable, all of them were amalgamated into a single state-owned company on 14 May 1949.[16][17][18] The state holding was officially rebranded as Aerolíneas Argentinas-Empresa del Estado, despite it was commonly known as Aerolíneas Argentinas, or simply Aerolíneas.[19] The four companies comprising the state holding ceased operations on 31 December 1949.[19]

Aerolíneas Argentinas started operations on its own on 7 December 1950.[20] In February 1950 (1950-02), almost ten months prior to the start of operations, five new Convairs were already acquired.[21] Key to the growth of the airline in the early years were Alfonso Aliaga García, and Dirk Wessel Van Layden a former pilot of the French carrier Aéropostale, who was influential in raising flying standards.

The DC-3 proved to be an invaluable asset for Aerolíneas Argentinas, as for many other airlines worldwide. It enabled the company to fly to domestic destinations that had hitherto been unreachable, and to keep flying the FAMA international network. As early as 1950 the Douglas DC-6 was incorporated into the fleet, and it was used to launch a once-a-week Buenos AiresRio de JaneiroNatalDakarLisbonParisFrankfurt service in late 1950.[22] Soon afterwards, Douglas DC-4s joined the fleet and services were inaugurated to Santiago de Chile, Lima, Santa Cruz, and São Paulo. By May 1952 (1952-05), the airline had a 35,500-mile (57,100 km) long route network, and the fleet consisted of DC-3s, DC-4s, DC-6s, Convair-Liner 240s and Short Sandringhams.[23]

The Comet had begun commercial jet services worldwide by the end of the 1950s, and the carrier once again set the pace among the South American airlines, when Aerolíneas' president A. Cdre. Juan José Güiraldes persuaded Argentina's President Arturo Frondizi to buy six of them, becoming the first overseas airline in ordering the type.[17][24] Being the first jetliner flown by Aerolíneas and named Las Tres Marías, the first of them landed at Ezeiza Airport on 2 March 1959.[17][25][26][27] With these jets, Aerolíneas Argentinas kept a steady growth during the 1960s, opening routes to London, Paris, Rome, and Madrid.

The 1960s also saw the incorporation of the Avro 748 short-haul turboprop airliner, that had its maiden flight with the company on 15 February 1962 between Buenos Aires and Punta del Este; Aerolíneas was actually the launch customer for this type of aircraft.[19][28] Likewise, the Caravelle first flew for the carrier on the Buenos AiresSantiago de Chile route on 1 April 1962.[19]

The 1970s saw the arrival of the Boeing 727s,[29] 737s,[30] and 747s,[31] a stronger marketing strategy, and the introduction of new routes to Amsterdam and Zurich. The airline was assigned by law the monopoly of international operations in 1971.[32] This meant no other Argentine airline was able to operate international flights, let alone the already created Austral. The carrier therefore became the flag carrier of the country. The same law also assigned Aerolíneas Argentinas a 50% of the domestic market share.[32]

During the Falklands War, as well as for a short period later, the company was banned from flying through British airspace. There used to be a flight from London-Gatwick to Argentina's capital; however, because of the ban passengers bound to Argentina had to change planes at Madrid-Barajas.[33]

In 1980, a second-hand Boeing 747SP was acquired from Braniff for US$51,000,000 ($135,931,118 in 2012).[34] Upon the acquisition of Austral by the Argentine government the same year, both Aerolíneas Argentinas and Austral were government-owned, to the extent that some routes were simultaneously operated, even using similar equipment. However, there existed a state of continuous tension over salary differences between both companies that eventually led the Aerolíneas Argentinas' pilots to a three-week-long strike that started on 1 July 1986.[35] During this strike, the government leased pilots from the Argentine Air Force to operate some aircraft. Other companies took advantage from this situation and gained the market share Aerolíneas Argentinas lost, as domestic routes were operated by Austral, LADE and LAPA, and the government temporarily authorised foreign carriers to exploit the company's international routes.[36]

Privatisation: 1990  2008

The privatisation of the company started being considered under the government of Raúl Alfonsín, when SAS was proposed to become a 40% shareholder of the state company.[37][38][39] This was firmly resisted by the Peronist opposition.[40][41] On 27 December 1989 the next government authorised the privatisation of the airline. On 21 November 1990 a consortium led by Iberia and Austral's owner Cielos del Sur S.A. acquired a 85% stake in Aerolíneas Argentinas,[41][42] which became the first major Argentine company to be privatised during the first presidence of Carlos Menem. Paradoxically, one of the first actions taken by the new Peronist government was to privatise the carrier, after airily opposing to the privatisation propositions of its predecessor.[40][41] Despite the carrier was regarded as overstaffed and bureaucratic, it was debt-free at that time,[41][43] having an average profitability of US$90 million a year.[41] The carrier actually had US$719,000,000 ($1,273,789,927 in 2012) in revenues on the year prior to privatisation.[42] It was not until 2009 that this privatisation process would be ruled as illegal.[40]

Austral's owner Cielos del Sur S.A. was sold to Iberia in March 1991,[44] further increasing the Spanish flag's stake in the Argentine air market. Aerolíneas Argentinas and Austral never merged throughout the private era, and remained as separate companies with the same shareholder. Iberia subsequently boosted its stake in the airline to 85% in April 1994 after a US$500,000,000 ($740,765,766 in 2012) cash injection.[41][45][46][47] Out of the remaining 15%, the Argentine Government held the 5% stake it was initially assigned, while 10% belonged to the employees.[48] Furthermore, at this stage the Argentine Government resigned to the voting privilege it had in the Directory of the airline.[41]

Iberia was afterwards obliged by the European Comission to cut its stake in Aerolíneas Argentinas as a condition for receiving state aid.[45] Iberia thence reduced its stake to 20%, transferring the remaining 65% to Interinvest/Andes holding, a consortium comprising the Spanish Government holding company (SEPI) the actual owner of Iberia before it was privatised in 2001 and banks Merrill Lynch and Bankers Trust, among others.[45][49] In July 1997 Iberia cut again its stake in Aerolíneas Argentinas from 20% to 10%, while American Airlines's parent company AMR acquired a 10% stake of Aerolineas Argentinas/Austral's major stockholder Interinvest, equivalent to a participation of 8.5% in both Argentine companies, with the commitment of finding investors for Aerolíneas Argentinas.[50][51][52] AMR's 8.5% operation was finally cleared by the United States Department of Justice in early July 1998.[45] By that time, the Argentine Government still owned a 5% stake in Aerolíneas Argentinas.[53] Less than two years later AMR stepped aside, as it made no offers for Aerolíneas Argentinas.[54] Plans for the employees to take an 85% stake in 2000 never materialised.[citation needed]

Allegations of corruption were made on the basis of the price paid by Iberia and the Spanish firm's ulterior conduct (including some convoluted lease-back operations), with the airline paying the price for its own purchase with its assets.[41] Subsequent management by American Airlines and SEPI drove Aerolíneas Argentinas into an almost terminal crisis in 2001.[43][55] The following table shows the position of the carrier when it was acquired by Iberia, when the Spanish airline sold it in 2001, and in 2010:

Item 1991 2001 2010
Assets (without routes, brand, etc., US$ mil.) 636[41]  776[48] ? 796[56]
Annual Balance (US$ mil.) 18 390 486[6]
Debt (US$ mil.) 0 900[48] 1673[56]
Planes (owned/leased) 28[32]/1 1[32]/43 17/32
Flight simulators 3 2 2
Number of employees 10,372[57] 6,734[58] 10,200

By the late 1990s the airline was near bankruptcy; losses in 1999 were around US$240 million. The Spanish Government tried to sell its controlling share to American Airlines but the offer was declined.[59]

In June 2001 (2001-06) the airline filed for bankruptcy protection from creditors under Chapter 11,[60] went into administration,[61] and the aftermath began. Salaries were paid by the Argentine Government, instead of using money coming from the SEPI.[62] The payment of salaries for the upcoming months were suspended, as the mechanics union refused to accept the reorganisation plan raised by the SEPI to keep the company afloat.[63][64][65] Most of the international flights were halted.[48][66] After this, most of the fleet was grounded, and only 30% and 10% of domestic and international flights, respectively, were operating.[61] The crisis deepened when the daily flight to Madrid, and also the last connection with Europe, was also disrupted.[67]

Marsans group acquired a 92% stake through its subsidiary Air Comet from the SEPI in late 2001, and committed to inject US$50 million capital with the intention of resuming short as well as longhaul services.[61][68][69] The resumption of international flights started in early November 2001 (2001-11).[70]

After teetering on the brink of closure during most of 2001, combined with the adverse effects of the September 11 attacks on the industry and December 2001 (2001-12) Argentina's financial meltdown, Aerolíneas was forced to close down international services for a few days during early 2002. However, US$50,000,000 ($61,043,059 in 2012) fresh capital was provided and the airline resumed services almost immediately. The private era's first profits were announced later that year.[71][72]

The carrier exited Chapter 11 in January 2003 (2003-01) and emerged from administration a month later.[69][73]

Renationalisation: 2008  onwards

On 21 July 2008, the Argentine Government took the airline back into state control after acquiring 99.4% of the stake for an undisclosed price; the remaining 0.6% continued being owned by the company's employees.[3][74] The enactment for the renationalisation of Aerolíneas Argentinas and its subsidiary Austral Líneas Aéreas was passed by the Chamber of Deputies in August 2008; it became law on 3 September 2008 following the 46-21 votation in the Argentine Senate.[8][75][76][77]

Several disagreements between the government and Grupo Marsans ended with a vote by both the lower and the upper houses of the Argentine congress in support of the takeover of the company and its subsidiaries, when the Chamber of Deputies voted 152-84 in favor of the expropriation, and the Senate approved the bill in a 42-20 votation.[78][79][80]

On 16 November 2009 the last Boeing 737-200 flight was operated on a scheduled Buenos AiresCatamarcaLa RiojaBuenos Aires passenger service.[81]

In June 2010, Aerolíneas Argentinas revamped its image to give the airline a more modern appearance.[82][83] The new logo is a combination of light blue and grey colours. Likewise, the previous eurowhite livery is replaced with a combination of the Argentine flag colours plus grey. Subsidiary airline Austral also adopted this new livery, additionally including a red cheatline.[84][85]

The company signed an agreement to begin the process of joining SkyTeam in late November 2010 (2010-11).[14][15] It is expected the airline will become a member of the alliance by 2012.[14][15][86] Aerolíneas Argentinas will become the alliance's first South American member.[14][15]

In March 2011 (2011-03), the different Unions that affiliate the airline staff demonstrated over concerns the Government was looking for local private investors to participate into the company.[87][88][89] In September that year, the airline emerged from the reorganisation proceedings it filed in 2001.[90] In late November 2011 (2011-11), the government announced an austerity plan for the company in order to reduce the deficit it has been incurring since it was taken over from Marsans; the plan includes the revision of unprofitable routes, the reduction of pilot/aircraft rates, and the withdrawal of obsolete equipment, among others.[91][92]

Destinations

Main article: Aerolíneas Argentinas destinations
Codeshare agreements

As of November 2011, the carrier has codeshare agreements with the following SkyTeam members:

  • Air France-KLM, on some European routes; these companies codeshares on Aerolíneas' services to Córdoba, Mendoza, Rosario, Asunción and Montevideo.[93] Furthermore, mileage earned by cardholders of Aerolíneas Plus and Flying Blue frequent flyer programmes can be redeemed in either airline.[94] Despite the agreement has already been signed, it will be effective from the first quarter of 2012.[95]
  • Delta Air Lines, on the Buenos AiresAtlantaBuenos Aires route; Delta in turn places its code on Buenos AiresMiamiBuenos Aires flights actually operated by Aerolíneas. The agreement also considers Aerolíneas codesharing Delta flights to/from Miami and Atlanta operated to various cities in the United States and Canada, while Delta does so on regional flights to/from Buenos Aires.[96][97]

Fleet

Aerolíneas Argentinas began modernising its fleet in 2009:

Following is a table providing the composition of Aerolíneas Argentinas' fleet, as of February 2012.[104] Information concerning seat configuration is accurate for most of the fleet; nevertheless, on some equipment this information differs from the one shown below.[98][99]

Aerolíneas Argentinas Fleet
Aircraft In Fleet Orders Passengers Notes
C Y Total
Airbus A340-200 4 32 217 249[105] One aircraft stored
Airbus A340-300 6 1 32 248 280[105]
30 260 290[106]
30 257 287[107]
Boeing 737-500 14 8 100 108[108] Five aircraft stored; to be phased out effective 1 April 2012[109]
Boeing 737-700 15 7 120 128[108]
Boeing 737-800 2 5 8 162 170[106]
McDonnell Douglas MD-83 1 8 140 148[110] To be phased out effective 1 April 2012[109]
McDonnell Douglas MD-88 2
Total 44 13

As of February 2012, the fleet age is 13.5 years.[104]

Retired

Aerolíneas Argentinas has also operated the following aircraft all through its history:[111]

Image gallery

Accidents and incidents

Main article: Aerolíneas Argentinas accidents and incidents

According to the Aviation Safety Network database, the last accident involving a company's aircraft that yielded fatalities was in 1970, as of October 2011; Aviation Safety Network records 43 accidents or incidents for Aerolíneas Argentinas since it started operations in 1950.[117] The company ranks among the safest airlines in the world.[118]

See also

Argentina portal
Aviation portal


References

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  13. ^ Aerolineas Argentinas Customer Reviews: SKYTRAX Retrieved 26 January 2011
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  25. ^ "Air commerce..." (pdf). Flight: 445. 27 March 1959. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%200888.html. Retrieved 18 July 2011. "Mme. Elena Faggionato de Frondizi, wife of the Argentine President, unveils the name of Aerolineas Argentina's first Comet 4 "Las Tres Marias" at Ezeiza Airport, B.A., on March 7." 
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  28. ^ "Air commerce" (pdf). Flight: 457. 14 September 1961. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1961/1961%20-%201353.html. Retrieved 4 May 2011. "Aerolineas Argentinas is to be the first Avro 748 customer to take delivery." 
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  33. ^ Aerolíneas Argentinas History
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  38. ^ "SAS plays dating game" (pdf). Flight International: 10. 27 August 1988. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1988/1988%20-%202252.html. Retrieved 1 June 2011. "Aerolineas Argentinas and Scandinavian carrier SAS have signed a co-operation agreement which could lead to SAS owning up to 40 per cent of the South American airline." 
  39. ^ "SAS achète 40% de la Compagnie nationale argentine [SAS to acquire 40% of the Argentine national carrier]" (in French). Le Monde. 10 February 1988. http://www.lemonde.fr/web/recherche_breve/1,13-0,37-595850,0.html. Retrieved 16 May 2011. 
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  44. ^ "Company histories: the path to Aerolíneas Argentinas S.A.". http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Aeroliacute%3Bneas-Argentinas-SA-Company-History.html. Retrieved 13 February 2011. 
  45. ^ a b c d Ramon Lopez (15 July 1998). "American given all-clear to acquire stake in Aerolineas". Flightglobal.com. Flight International (Washington D.C.). http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/1998/07/15/39329/american-given-all-clear-to-acquire-stake-in-aerolineas.html. Retrieved 15 May 2011. 
  46. ^ "94 at a glance". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 February 1995. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/1995/02/01/16774/94-at-a-glance.html. Retrieved 15 May 2011. "An Argentine federal tribunal clears the way for Iberia's $500 million injection into flag carrier Aerolineas Argentinas, taking the Spanish flag's stake in the carrier up to 85 per cent." 
  47. ^ "Iberia controlará el 19% de Aerolíneas Argentinas en poder de Banesto y BCH [Iberia will control the 19% stock of Aerolíneas Argentinas held by Banesto and BCH]" (in Spanish). El País. 19 March 1994. http://www.elpais.com/articulo/economia/BANCO_ESPANOL_DE_CREDITO/BANCO_CENTRAL_HISPANOAMERICANO/IBERIA/AEROLINEAS_ARGENTINAS/Iberia/controlara/Aerolineas/Argentinas/poder/Banesto/BCH/elpepieco/19940319elpepieco_11/Tes. Retrieved 20 June 2011. 
  48. ^ a b c d "Aerolíneas suspendió los vuelos a los Estados Unidos, Oceanía y Brasil [Aerolíneas suspended flights to the United States, Oceania and Brazil]" (in Spanish). Clarín. 7 June 2001. http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2001/06/07/e-02601.htm. Retrieved 20 June 2011. 
  49. ^ "Deja Iberia líneas de América latina [Iberia to step down from Latin American airlines]" (in Spanish). La Nación. 1 February 1996. http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=167258. Retrieved 6 May 2011. 
  50. ^ "WORLD BUSINESS BRIEFING: AMERICAS; NO OFFER FOR AEROLINEAS ARGENTINAS". The New York Times. 31 December 1999. http://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/31/business/world-business-briefing-americas-no-offer-for-aerolineas-argentinas.html?scp=1&sq=aerolineas%20argentinas&st=cse. Retrieved 20 June 2011. 
  51. ^ "AA goes for Aerolineas". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 August 1998. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/1998/08/01/39858/aa-goes-for-aerolineas.html. Retrieved 20 June 2011. "American Airlines has been cleared to proceed with its acquisition of 8.5 per cent of Aerolineas Argentinas." 
  52. ^ "1997 at a glance". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 March 1998. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/1998/03/01/33529/1997-at-a-glance.html. Retrieved 20 June 2011. "American Airlines buys 10 per cent of Interinvest, the majority shareholder of Aerolineas Argentinas, while Iberia cuts its stake from 20 to 10 per cent." 
  53. ^ "Airline Ownership Survey". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 July 1998. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/1998/07/01/38768/airline-ownership-survey.html. Retrieved 15 May 2011. 
  54. ^ "Spanish take over Aerolineas reins". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 March 2000. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2000/03/01/62775/spanish-take-over-aerolineas-reins.html. Retrieved 20 June 2011. 
  55. ^ "Aerolineas sale delay". BBC News. 17 August 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1496130.stm. Retrieved 15 May 2011. 
  56. ^ a b "Estados Contables Provisorios Aerolíneas Argentinas y Austral [Unaudited balance sheets]" (in Spanish). Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers. http://tmp.jgm.gov.ar/Paginas/InformeDiputado/Informe%2078/Anexos%20Informe%20N%2078/anexo_preg_82_89_90_135_266_.pdf. Retrieved 20 December 2011. 
  57. ^ a b c d e f g h i "World Airline Directory  Aerolineas Argentinas" (pdf). Flight International: 44. 27 March 1991  2 April 1991. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1991/1991%20-%200726.html. Retrieved 27 March 2011. 
  58. ^ "La SEPI adjudica Aerolíneas Argentinas al grupo turístico español Marsans [The SEPI awards Aerolíneas Argentinas to the Spanish tourist operator Marsans]" (in Spanish). El País. 3 October 2001. http://www.elpais.com/articulo/economia/SEPI/adjudica/Aerolineas/Argentinas/grupo/turistico/espanol/Marsans/elpepieco/20011003elpepieco_6/Tes. Retrieved 2 June 2011. 
  59. ^ Guy Norris; Paul Lews (8 February 2000). "Executives to go in Argentine rescue". Flightglobal.com. http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/executives-to-go-in-argentine-rescue-61672/. Retrieved 20 December 2011. 
  60. ^ "Aerolineas Argentinas files for protection". Flightglobal.com. Flight International. 26 June 2001. http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/aerolineas-argentinas-files-for-protection-132586/. Retrieved 21 December 2011. 
  61. ^ a b c David Knibb (1 November 2001). "Aerolineas plans fresh start as Marsans steps in". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business (Seattle). http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2001/11/01/138332/aerolineas-plans-fresh-start-as-marsans-steps-in.html. Retrieved 21 December 2011. 
  62. ^ (Spanish) De la Rúa ordena pagar los salarios para frenar el conflicto de Aerolíneas Argentinas ELPAÍS.com. 1 June 2001. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
  63. ^ "Aerolineas Argentinas approaches moment of truth". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 August 2001. http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/aerolineas-argentinas-approaches-moment-of-truth-134465/. Retrieved 21 December 2011. 
  64. ^ David Knibb (1 July 2001). "SEPI provides bankruptcy shelter for ailing Aerolineas". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business (Seattle). http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/sepi-provides-bankruptcy-shelter-for-ailing-aerolineas-133134/. Retrieved 21 December 2011. "The Aerolineas crisis stems from an impasse between one union and SEPI. Seven unions own 10% of Aerolineas. Four of them agreed last October to SEPI's restructuring plan. Two more have since agreed, but the mechanics have refused to budge." 
  65. ^ "El Consejo de Administración de Aerolíneas Argentinas aprueba la suspensión de pagos [Aerolíneas Argentinas Administration Council voted for the suspension of payments]" (in Spanish). El País. 21 June 2001. http://www.elpais.com/articulo/economia/Consejo/Administracion/Aerolineas/Argentinas/aprueba/suspension/pagos/elpepueco/20010621elpepueco_2/Tes. Retrieved 16 August 2011. 
  66. ^ "Routes". Flightglobal.com. Flight International. 19 June 2001. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2001/06/19/131796/routes.html. Retrieved 14 September 2011. "Aerolineas Argentinas is suspending flights to Auckland, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Sydney, following financial problems." 
  67. ^ "Suspenden los últimos vuelos a Europa [Last flights to Europe suspended]" (in Spanish). Clarín. 13 June 2001. http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2001/06/13/e-01701.htm. Retrieved 20 June 2011. 
  68. ^ Kerry Reals (16 June 2008). "Aerolineas Argentinas sale nears". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/06/16/224685/aerolineas-argentinas-sale-nears.html. Retrieved 16 August 2011. "Marsans acquired its stake in Aerolíneas Argentinas and sister carrier Austral in 2001 through its subsidiary Air Comet." 
  69. ^ a b David Knibb (1 February 2003). "Aerolineas pulls back from the brink". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business (Seattle). http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/aerolineas-pulls-back-from-the-brink-160768/. Retrieved 21 December 2011. 
  70. ^ "Regresó a Ezeiza un vuelo de Aerolíneas Argentinas procedente de Madrid [An Aerolíneas Argentinas flight inbound from Madrid arrived]" (in Spanish). La Nación. 6 November 2001. http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=349242. Retrieved 20 June 2011. 
  71. ^ "Aerolineas plots regional growth". Flightglobal.com. Airline Business. 1 May. http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/aerolineas-plots-regional-growth-164666/. Retrieved 21 December 2011. 
  72. ^ "Argentine airline makes first profit". BBC News. 6 September 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2242138.stm. Retrieved 21 December 2011. 
  73. ^ Jackson Flores (7 January 2003). "Aerolineas Argentinas restructuring plan wins court approval". Flightglobal.com. Flight International (Rio de Janeiro). http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/aerolineas-argentinas-restructuring-plan-wins-court-approval-159910/. Retrieved 2011-. 
  74. ^ Daniel Schweimler (22 June 2008). "Argentina renationalises airline". BBC News (Buenos Aires). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7518674.stm. Retrieved 14 September 2011. 
  75. ^ "Other News - 09/04/2008". Air Transport World. 5 September 2008. http://atwonline.com/international-aviation-regulation/news/other-news-09042008-0904. Retrieved 14 September 2011. "Argentine Senate authorized the renationalization of Aerolineas Argentinas by a 46-21 vote." 
  76. ^ "La reestatización de Aerolíneas ya es ley [Aerolíneas Argentinas' renationalisation becomes law]" (in Spanish). Clarín. 4 September 2008. http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2008/09/04/um/m-01753014.htm. Retrieved 14 September 2011. 
  77. ^ "Aerolineas Argentinas renationalization passes first legislative hurdle". Air Transport World. 26 August 2008. http://atwonline.com/aircraftenginescomponents/news/aerolineas-argentinas-renationalization-passes-first-legislative-hur-0. Retrieved 14 September 2011. 
  78. ^ "Other News - 12/20/2008". Air Transport World. 22 December 2008. http://atwonline.com/news/other-news-12202008-0309-0. Retrieved 14 September 2011. 
  79. ^ "Other News - 12/04/2008". Air Transport World. 5 December 2008. http://atwonline.com/international-aviation-regulation/news/other-news-12042008-1204. Retrieved 14 September 2011. 
  80. ^ "Argentina backs airline seizure". BBC News. 4 December 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7764450.stm. Retrieved 14 September 2011. "Deputies voted 152 to 84 for the bill, which now goes to the Senate." 
  81. ^ "Boeing 737-200: la "chancha" hizo su vuelo de despedida [Boeing 737-200: the "chancha" made her last flight]" (in Spanish). Clarín. 16 November 2009. http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2009/11/16/um/m-02041965.htm. Retrieved 2 March 2011. 
  82. ^ "Aerolineas Argentinas announces rebranding". Air Transport World. 18 June 2010. http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/aerolineas-argentinas-announces-rebranding-0617. Retrieved 28 June 2011. 
  83. ^ "New directions, new image". pp. 10. http://www.aerolineas.com.ar/nuevaimagen/files/nuevaImagen_en.pdf. Retrieved 8 February 2011. 
  84. ^ "Our New Image". Aerolíneas Argentinas. http://www.aerolineas.com.ar/nuevaimagen/index.asp?idioma=en. Retrieved 15 July 2011. 
  85. ^ Rainer Uphoff (24 June 2010). "PICTURE: Australs first E-190". Flightglobal.com. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/06/24/343672/picture-australs-first-e-190.html. Retrieved 15 July 2011. 
  86. ^ "Kenya Airways joins Skyteam in welcoming Middle East Airlines into Alliance" (Press release). Kenya Airways. 8 March 2011. http://www.kenya-airways.com/home/about_kenya_airways/press_releases/current_press_releases/default.aspx?colm=&cid=3646. Retrieved 27 June 2011. "SkyTeam Managing Director, Marie-Joseph Malé, illustrates the alliances continuing global expansion: This year China Airlines and China Eastern with its daughter company Shanghai Airlines will effectively join us, according to plan. Garuda Indonesia, Aerolíneas Argentinas and Saudi Arabian Airlines have all confirmed their membership effective in 2012. We will continue to work on further expansion of our global network by looking for partners from India and Latin America." 
  87. ^ Juan Cruz Sanz (5 March 2011). "Aerolíneas: rechazo gremial al intento de privatización parcial [Aerolíneas: partial privatisation attempts rejected by the Unions]" (in Spanish). Clarín. http://www.clarin.com/politica/Aerolineas-rechazo-gremial-privatizacion-parcial_0_438556335.html. Retrieved 5 March 2011. 
  88. ^ "Gremios aeronáuticos, contra la privatización de Aerolíneas Argentinas [Unions oppose to the privatisation of Aerolíneas Argentinas]" (in Spanish). La Razón. 5 March 2011. http://www.larazon.com.ar/actualidad/Gremios-aeronauticos-privatizacion_0_219300082.html. Retrieved 10 March 2011. 
  89. ^ Francisco Olivera (2 March 2011). "El Gobierno les busca un socio privado a Aerolíneas y Austral [The (Argentine) Government is seeking a private partner for Aerolíneas and Austral]" (in Spanish). La Nación. http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1354172-el-gobierno-les-busca-un-socio-privado-a-aerolineas-y-austral. Retrieved 10 March 2011. 
  90. ^ "Airline News". Air Transport World. 9 September 2011. http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/airline-news-0908. Retrieved 21 December 2011. "Aerolineas Argentinas has emerged from its reorganization proceedings, filed in 2001." 
  91. ^ Francisco Olivera (22 November 2011). "Anuncian un fuerte recorte en los gastos de Aerolíneas [Strong costs shortages announced for Aerolíneas]" (in Spanish). La Nación. http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1425384-cont-anuncian-un-fuerte-recorte-en-aerolineas. Retrieved 22 November 2011. 
  92. ^ "Argentina Plans Major Overhaul Of Ailing Flagship Carrier". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones (Buenos Aires). 21 November 2011. http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20111121-712623.html. Retrieved 22 November 2011. 
  93. ^ "Airline Routes". Air Transport World. 4 November 2011. http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/news/airline-routes-1103. Retrieved 4 November 2011. "Aerolíneas Argentinas (AR) signed codeshare agreements with Air France (AF) and KLM (KL), under which AF and KL will place their codes on AR service to Cordoba, Mendoza, Rosario, Montevideo and Asuncion. AR will place its code on AF and KL service to Nice, Marseille, Toulouse, Lyon and Bordeaux and other European destinations, including Berlin and Munich." 
  94. ^ "Aerolíneas Argentinas, Air France and KLM have signed code-share agreements" (Press release). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 1 November 2011. http://www.aerolineas.com.ar/arg/main.asp?idSitio=AR&idPagina=68&idIdioma=en. Retrieved 4 November 2011. 
  95. ^ "Air France-KLM and Aerolineas Argentinas ink codeshare deal". Flightglobal.com. 2 November 2011. http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/air-france-klm-and-aerolineas-argentinas-ink-codeshare-deal-364193/. Retrieved 18 November 2011. 
  96. ^ "Airline Routes". Air Transport World. 15 August 2011. http://atwonline.com/airports-routes/news/airline-routes-0813. Retrieved 15 August 2011. "Delta Air Lines and Aerolineas Argentinas announced a codesharing agreement under which DL will place its code on AR flights to Calafate, Cordoba, Iguazu, Mendoza, Rio Grande, Rosario, San Carlos de Bariloche, and Ushuaia; AR will place its code on DL service to Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York City, Orlando, Philadelphia, San Francisco, San Juan, Seattle, Washington, Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver. The agreement will begin in the fourth quarter." 
  97. ^ "Aerolineas Argentinas and Delta Airlines will be start to code-share and their loyalty programs will have reciprocal benefits." (Press release). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 4 August 2011. http://www.aerolineas.aero/arg/main.asp?idSitio=AR&idPagina=68&idIdioma=en. Retrieved 15 August 2011. 
  98. ^ a b c "Aerolíneas Argentinas presents the first B-737/700-2009 model- purchased from Boeing" (Press release). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 8 June 2009. http://www.aerolineas.aero/arg/main.asp?idSitio=AR&idPagina=68&idIdioma=en&cmbPrensa=664. Retrieved 3 March 2011. 
  99. ^ a b "Aerolíneas Argentinas presents the second B-737/700-2009 model- purchased from Boeing" (Press release). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 25 June 2009. http://www.aerolineas.aero/arg/main.asp?idSitio=AR&idPagina=68&idIdioma=en&cmbPrensa=672. Retrieved 3 March 2011. 
  100. ^ "Aerolíneas inició el recambio de su flota de aviones [Aerolíneas started renewing its fleet]" (in Spanish). La Nación. 8 June 2009. http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1137098-aerolineas-inicio-el-recambio-de-su-flota-de-aviones. Retrieved 2 June 2011. 
  101. ^ Brendan Sobie (22 November 2010). "ALTA 2010: Aerolineas to grow 737NG fleet through ILFC leases and new order". Flightglobal.com. Air Transport Intelligence news. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/11/22/350059/alta-2010-aerolineas-to-grow-737ng-fleet-through-ilfc-leases-and-new.html. Retrieved 9 March 2011. 
  102. ^ "Leasing & Finance". Air Transport World. 19 April 2011. http://atwonline.com/airline-finance-data/news/leasing-finance-0418. Retrieved 31 May 2011. "ILFC reached a five-year lease agreement with Aerolíneas Argentinas for 10 Boeing 737-700NG aircraft. Deliveries are expected to begin this month and be completed by October 2012." 
  103. ^ Brendan Sobie (17 October 2009). "Aerolineas seeks to lease six 737-800s". Flightglobal.com. Air Transport Intelligence news. http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/10/17/333561/aerolineas-seeks-to-lease-six-737-800s.html. Retrieved 9 March 2011. 
  104. ^ a b "Profile for: Aerolineas Argentinas". AeroTransport Data Bank. 2 February 2012. http://www.aerotransport.org/php/go.php?query=operator&qstring=Aerolineas+Argentinas&where=337&luck=. Retrieved 2 February 2012. 
  105. ^ a b "Aerolíneas Argentinas  Airbus Fleet". Aerolíneas Argentinas. http://www.aerolineas.com.ar/arg/main.asp?idSitio=US&idPagina=92&idIdioma=en. Retrieved 31 May 2011. 
  106. ^ a b "Aerolíneas Argentinas incorporó tres aeronaves a su flota internacional y de cabotaje [Aerolíneas Argentinas incorporated three aircraft to its fleet]" (in Spanish) (Press release). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 27 December 2011. http://www.aerolineas.com.ar/arg/main.asp?idSitio=AR&idPagina=68&idIdioma=es&cmbPrensa=1170. Retrieved 4 January 2012. 
  107. ^ "Aerolíneas incorporó otro Airbus A-340 a su flota internacional [Aerolíneas incorporated another Airbus A-340 to the international fleet]" (in Spanish) (Press release). Aerolíneas Argentinas. 9 January 2012. http://www.aerolineas.com.ar/arg/main.asp?idSitio=AR&idPagina=68&idIdioma=es&cmbPrensa=1178. Retrieved 10 January 2012. 
  108. ^ a b "Aerolíneas Argentinas  Boeing Fleet". Aerolíneas Argentinas. http://www.aerolineas.com.ar/arg/main.asp?idSitio=US&idPagina=3&idIdioma=en. Retrieved 31 May 2011. 
  109. ^ a b "El ajuste en Aerolíneas arrancará con el recorte de beneficios a los pilotos [The economical adjustment in Aerolíneas will start with the reduction of the pilots' benefits]" (in Spanish). Clarín. 21 November 2011. http://www.clarin.com/politica/Aerolineas-arrancara-recorte-beneficios-pilotos_0_595140671.html. Retrieved 21 November 2011. 
  110. ^ "Aerolíneas Argentinas  MD Fleet". Aerolíneas Argentinas. http://www.aerolineas.com.ar/arg/main.asp?idSitio=US&idPagina=93&idIdioma=en. Retrieved 31 May 2011. 
  111. ^ "Aerolíneas Argentinas historical fleet". AeroTransport Data Bank. 2 August 2011. http://www.aerotransport.org/php/go.php?query=operator&qstring=Aerolineas+Argentinas&where=337&luck=. Retrieved 2 August 2011. 
  112. ^ a b c d e f "World Airline Survey  Aerolineas Argentinas" (pdf). Flight International: 563. 15 April 1965. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1965/1965%20-%201019.html. Retrieved 27 March 2011. 
  113. ^ "World Airline Survey". Flight International: 595. 14 April 1966. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1966/1966%20-%201030.html. Retrieved 23 December 2011. "Aerolineas Peruanas operates two Convair 99OAs, one of which is seen here at Callao International Airport, Lima" 
  114. ^ a b "FLEET REGISTER" (pdf). Flight: 76. 20 January 1956. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1956/1956%20-%200076.html. Retrieved 2 August 2011. 
  115. ^ a b "World Airline Directory  Aerolineas Argentinas" (pdf). Flight: 489. 8 April 1960. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1960/1960%20-%200489.html. Retrieved 27 March 2011. 
  116. ^ "World Airline Directory  Aerolineas Argentinas" (pdf). Flight: 304. 11 March 1955. http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1955/1955%20-%200304.html. Retrieved 27 March 2011. 
  117. ^ "Accident record for Aerolíneas Argentinas". Aviation Safety Network. 1 October 2011. http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?sorteer=datekey_desc&kind=%&cat=%&page=1&field=Operatorkey&var=6813. Retrieved 2 October 2011. 
  118. ^ "World's safest airlines  Aerolineas Argentinas". news.com.au. http://www.news.com.au/travel/world/gallery-e6frfqai-1225968118898?page=3. Retrieved 2 October 2011. 

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