Airport Berlin (Germany) - Tegel

Berlin Tegel Airport Flughafen Berlin-Tegel Berlin Airport in Tegel
IATA: TXL ICAO: EDDT
Summary
Airport type		Public
Operator		Berlin Airports
Serves		Berlin, Germany
Location		Tegel
Hub for		Air Berlin
Elevation AMSL		122 ft / 37 m
Coordinates		52°3335N 013°1716E / 52.55972°N 13.28778°E / 52.55972; 13.28778 (Berlin Tegel Airport)Coordinates: 52°3335N 013°1716E / 52.55972°N 13.28778°E / 52.55972; 13.28778 (Berlin Tegel Airport)
Website		www.berlin-airport.de
Runways
Direction	Length		Surface
	m	ft
08L/26R	3,023	9,918	Asphalt
08R/26L	2,428	7,966	Asphalt
Statistics (2008)
Passengers			14,500,000
Source: German AIP at EUROCONTROL[1]

Berlin Tegel "Otto Lilienthal" Airport (IATA: TXL, ICAO: EDDT) is the main international airport in Berlin, Germany. It lies in Tegel, a section of the northern borough of Reinickendorf, 8 km (5.0 mi) north of the city of Berlin. Tegel Airport is notable for its hexagonal terminal building around an open square, which makes for walking distances as short as 30 m (98 ft) from the aircraft to the terminal exit. In 2008, the airport served over 14,530,000 passengers, making it by far the biggest airport serving Berlin. The airport is scheduled to close in 2012, six months after the completion of the new Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport that is slated to handle all commercial flights to and from Berlin. [1]

Tegel Airport serves as hub for Air Berlin, and as focus city for Lufthansa. Additionally, it is the most important base for the charter business of Germania. The two dominant operators, Air Berlin and Lufthansa, each handle around 30% of the scheduled commercial flights.

Contents 1 History 1.1 1948-1990 (Cold War era) 1.2 1990-1995 (early post-reunification era) 1.3 1995 onwards 2 Statistics 3 Public transport 4 Terminals 5 Airlines and destinations 5.1 Cargo airlines 6 Accidents and incidents 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links

History

1948-1990 (Cold War era)

Tegel Airport was built during the Berlin Airlift in 1948 on a 1930s rocket research site at Tegel in what used to be West Berlin's French sector in the days prior to Germany's reunification. At that time, it boasted the longest runway in Europe (2,428 metres).^[2]

West Berlin's special legal status during the Cold War era (8 May 1945 2 October 1990) meant that all air traffic to and from the Western half of Germany's divided former and present capital was restricted to the airlines of the three Western victorious powers of World War II, ie only airlines headquartered in the United States, the United Kingdom and France. In addition, all flightdeck crew, (ie pilots, flight engineers and navigators), flying aircraft into and out of West Berlin through the Allied air corridors were required to hold American, British or French passports.^[3]

Air France was the first airline to commence regular commercial operations at Tegel on 2 January 1960. The airline decided to transfer its operations from Tempelhof Airport to Tegel because the former airport's runways were too short to handle first generation jet aircraft such as the Aérospatiale Caravelle, Boeing 707, de Havilland Comet and Douglas DC-8 without payload or range restrictions.^[4][5]

Pan Am became the second airline to commence year-round, scheduled operations at Tegel Airport when it launched a thrice-weekly service from New York JFK in May 1964.^[6][7] This service was operated with Boeing 707s or Douglas DC-8s, which could not operate from Tempelhofthe airline's West Berlin base at the timewith a viable payload.^[7] The service routed either through Glasgow Prestwick in Scotland or Shannon, Ireland. It ceased in October 1971.^[8]

From 1966 until 1968, UK independent Lloyd International was contracted by Neckermann und Reisen, the tour operator of West German mail-order concern Neckermann, to launch a series of inclusive tour (IT) flights from Tegel. These flights were operated with Bristol Britannia turboprops.^[9] They served principal European holiday resorts in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands.^[10]

From April 1968, all non-scheduled services, ie primarily the rapidly growing number of IT holiday flights that several UK independent airlines as well as a number of US supplemental carriers had mainly operated from Tempelhof since the early 1960s under contract to West Berlin's leading package tour operators, were concentrated at Tegel. This traffic redistribution between West Berlin's two commercial airports was intended to alleviate Tempelhof's increasing congestion and to make better use of Tegel, which was underutilised at the time.^[11] (During that period, the Allied charter carriers had begun replacing their obsolete propliners with contemporary turboprop and jet aircraft types, which suffered payload and range restrictions on Tempelhof's short runways. The absence of such restrictions at Tegel gave airlines greater operational flexibility regarding aircraft types and destinations. This was the reason charter carriers favoured Tegel despite being less popular than Tempelhof because of its greater distance from West Berlin's city centre and poor public transport links.^[12][5]) A new passenger handling facility exclusively dedicated to charter airline passengers was opened to accommodate the additional traffic.^[11] Both this facility (a wooden shed) and the original terminal used by Air France's and Pan Am's scheduled passengers (a pre-fabricated shed) were located at the airport's north side.^[11] Following the transfer of all charter traffic to Tegel, Channel Airways, Dan-Air Services, Laker Airways and Modern Air Transport began stationing several of their jets at the airport.^[11] Channel Airways' collapse in early 1972 provided the impetus for Dan-Air to take over the failed carrier's charter contracts and to expand its own operations at Tegel.^[13] (Dan-Air, one of Britain's foremost wholly privately owned, independent airlines during the 1970s and '80s, eventually became the third-biggest operator at Tegel Airport, ahead of Air France. In addition to firmly establishing itself as the airport's and West Berlin's leading charter airline, it also operated scheduled services linking Tegel with Amsterdam Schiphol, Saarbrücken and London Gatwick, its main operating base. By the time that airline was taken over by British Airways at the end of October 1992, it had served Tegel Airport for a quarter of a century.^[14][15]) Modern Air's departure in October 1974 coincided with Aeroamerica's arrival.^[16][17] That carrier's departure following the end of the 1979 summer season was followed by Air Berlin USA's arrival.^[18] Laker Airways' decision to replace its Tegel-based BAC One-Eleven fleet with one of its newly acquired Airbus A300 B4 widebodies from the 1981 summer season resulted in Monarch Airlines taking over that airline's long-standing charter contract with Flug-Union Berlin, one of West Berlin's leading contemporary tour operators.^[19][20][21] (Several years later, Monarch Airlines provided the aircraft as well as the flightdeck crew and maintenance support for Euroberlin France, a Tegel-based scheduled airline headquartered in Paris, France. Euroberlin was jointly owned by Air France and Lufthansa, with the former holding a 51% majority stake, thereby making it a French legal entity and enabling it to conduct commercial airline operations in West Berlin.^[22][5])

Other airlines operating regular services to/from Tegel Airport during the Cold War era included:

• Court Line Aviation a major British independent airline of the early 1970s that served Berlin Tegel with a series of regular charter flights from its base at London Luton Airport and Paris Le Bourget Airport between 1970 and 1974 under contract to the students travel company of Berlin's Technical University.^[23]

• Touraine Air Transport a French regional airline serving Berlin Tegel from Saarbrücken several times a day on a year-round basis from late 1978 until early 1984.^[24]

• Berlin European UK a Berlin-based UK regional airline founded in 1986 as Berlin Regional UK by a former British Airways general manager for that airline's Berlin operation to begin domestic and international regional scheduled services to destinations not served by any of West Berlin's contemporary scheduled operators from April 1987, utilising British Aerospace Jetstream commuter turboprop planes.^[25][26][27]

• TWA the other major US flag carrier of that era served both Brussels (from 2 August 1987 ^[28][29]) and Frankfurt Rhein-Main Airport (from 1989 ^[30]) from Berlin Tegel twice daily.

• Pan Am Express the regional commuter arm of Pan Am began operating from Berlin Tegel in November 1987 with two Avions de Transport Régional ATR-42 commuter turboprops. It operated year-round scheduled services to secondary and tertiary destinations that could not be viably served with Pan Am's Tegel-based "mainline" fleet of Boeing 727-200 Advanced and Airbus A310s. These included Basle, Bremen, Dortmund, Hanover, Innsbruck, Kassel, Kiel, Milan, Salzburg, Stockholm and Vienna. In addition, Pan Am Express also helped Pan Am increase the number of flights on some of the other scheduled routes it used to serve from Berlin such as Tegel-Zürich by operating additional off-peak frequencies.^[27]

In addition to the aforementioned airlines, a host of othersmainly British independents and US supplementalswere frequent visitors to Berlin Tegel, especially during the early 1970s. These included Britannia Airways, British Airtours, British United, Caledonian, Caledonian/BUA / British Caledonian, Capitol International Airways, Overseas National Airways, Saturn Airways, Trans International Airlines, Transamerica Airlines and World Airways. Furthermore, during the early '70s, both Pan Am and TWA used to operate regular Advanced Booking Charter (ABC) flights from Tegel to the USA as well. During that period, the airport scene at Berlin Tegel could be very colourful, with Air France Caravelles, the UK independents' BAC One-Elevens, de Havilland Comets and Hawker Siddeley Tridents as well as the US supplementals' Boeing 707s, Convair Coronados and Douglas DC-8s congregating on its ramp. During 1974 alone, 22 airlines were operating at Tegel Airport.^[31]

During the 1960s construction of a new, hexagonally shaped terminal complex on the airport's south side began. This coincided with the lengthening of the runways to permit fully-laden widebodied aircraft to take off and land without restricting their range and construction of a motorway and access road linking the new terminal to the city centre.^[32][33] It became operational on 1 November 1974. (A British Airways Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 1^[17][34], a Laker Airways McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10^[35], a Pan Am Boeing 747-100^[36] and an Air France Airbus A300 B2^[37] were among the widebodied aircraft specially flown in for a pre-inauguration of the new terminal on 23 October 1974.^[31][38][39]) Dan-Air operated the first commercial flight to arrive at the airport's new terminal at 06.00 am local time with a BAC One-Eleven that was in-bound from Tenerife.^[31][39]

Following Pan Am's and British Airways' move from Tempelhof to Tegel on 1 September 1975, the latter replaced Tempelhof as the main airport of West Berlin.^[40]

1990-1995 (early post-reunification era)

Following Germany's reunification on 3 October 1990, all access restrictions to the former West Berlin airports were lifted.^[41]

Lufthansa resumed flights to Berlin on 28 October 1990, initially operating twelve daily pairs of flights on a limited number of routes, including Tegel-Cologne, Tegel-Frankfurt and Tegel-London Gatwick.^[42] To facilitate the German flag carrier's resumption of services from/to Berlin, it purchased Pan Am's Internal German Services (IGS) division^[43] for US$150m. This included Pan Am's internal German traffic rights as well as its gates and slots at Tegel. This agreement, under which Lufthansa contracted up to seven of Pan Am's Tegel-based Boeing 727-200 Advs operated by that airline's flightdeck and cabin crews to ply its scheduled routes to Munich, Nuremberg and Stuttgart until mid-1991, also facilitated Pan Am's orderly exit from the internal German air transport market after 40 years' uninterrupted service as EU legislation prevented it from participating in the EU/EEA's internal air transport market as a non-EU/EEA headquartered carrier.^[41][42] However, Pan Am continued operating its daily non-stop Tegel-JFK service until Delta Air Lines assumed most of Pan Am's transatlantic scheduled services during 1991. Pan Am Express, which was not included in Pan Am's IGS sale to Lufthansa, continued operating all of its domestic and international regional scheduled routes from Tegel as an independent legal entity until its acquisition by TWA in 1991. Following TWA's takeover of Pan Am Express, the former Pan Am Express Berlin operations were closed. Until December 1994, Lufthansa also contracted Euroberlin to operate some of its internal German flights from its new Tegel base, making use of that airline's gates and slots at Tegel as well.

As a US-registered airline Air Berlin found itself in the same situation as Pan Am following German reunification. It chose to reconstitute itself as a German company.

These were the days when liberalisation of the EU/EEA internal air transport market was still in progress and when domestic traffic rights were reserved for each member country's own airlines. The German government therefore insisted that all non-German EU/EEA carriers either withdraw their internal German scheduled services from Berlin or transfer them to majority German-owned subsidiaries by the end of 1992.^[44] It also wanted the bulk of all charter flights from Berlin to be operated by German airlines. These measures were squarely aimed at UK carriers with a major presence in the internal German air transport market from Berlin as well as the city's charter market, specifically British Airways and Dan-Air. Lufthansa and other German airlines reportedly lobbied their government to curtail BA's and Dan-Air's activities in Berlin, arguing that German airlines enjoyed no equivalent rights in the UK.^[44] This resulted in BA taking a 49% stake in Friedrichshafen-based German regional airline Delta Air, renaming it Deutsche BA and transferring its internal German traffic rights to the new airline.^[45] BA also replaced the commuter aircraft Deutsche BA had inherited from Delta Air with new Boeing 737-300s.^[46] These in turn replaced the Boeing 737-200 Advs and BAe ATP airliners BA had used on its internal German scheduled services from Berlin.^[44] At the time of German reunification, Dan-Air had five aircraft permanently stationed at Berlin Tegel, comprising three Boeing 737s (one -400, one -300 and one -200 Adv) and two HS 748s.^[47] The former were used to fly Berlin-based holidaymakers to overseas holiday destinations on IT flights under contract to German package tour operators. The latter operated the airline's scheduled routes from Tegel to Amsterdam and Saarbrücken. Dan-Air discontinued its charter operations from Berlin on behalf of German tour operators at the end of the 1990/'91 winter season and replaced the aging 748 turboprop it had used on its Amsterdam schedule since the mid-1980s with larger, more advanced BAe 146 100 series jet equipment. It also introduced new direct scheduled air links from Berlin to Manchester and Newcastle via Amsterdam.^[47][48][49] The Saarbrücken route was withdrawn at the end of the 1991 summer season, while the Amsterdam route was gradually taken over by NLM Cityhopper, the contemporary regional arm of Dutch flag carrier KLM.^[50][51] This reduced Dan-Air's presence in Berlin to a single daily scheduled service as well as up to four weekly charter flights linking the airline's Gatwick base with its former overseas base at Tegel, which were operated by Gatwick-based aircraft and crews until the firm's takeover by BA at the end of October 1992.^[52][53] The restructuring of Dan-Air's long-established Berlin operation was not only the result of political changes. It was also driven by its own corporate restructuring, which aimed to refocus the airline as a Gatwick-based short-haul "mainline" scheduled operator and involved phasing out its smaller aircraft and thinner routes.^[54]

Other airlines that commenced/resumed scheduled operations from Berlin Tegel at the beginning of the post-reunification era included Aero Lloyd, Alitalia, American Airlines, Austrian Airlines, SAS Eurolink, Swissair and TWA.^[55][56]

Aero Lloyd, Germania and Condor Berlin began operating charter flights from Berlin Tegel during that period.^[55]

1995 onwards

Statistics

Busiest routes from TXL by weekly departures (July 2009) [2] City Airport Departures 1 Munich Munich Airport 133 2 Frankfurt Frankfurt Airport 113 3 Cologne Cologne Bonn Airport 93 4 Stuttgart Stuttgart Airport 83 5 Düsseldorf Düsseldorf International Airport 82 6 Vienna Vienna International Airport 68 7 London London Heathrow Airport 63 8 Zürich Zürich Airport 62 9 Paris Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport 51 10 Nuremberg Nuremberg Airport 47

Berlin-Tegel Airport Traffic Information Year Passengers Freight [t] Post [t] Traffic 1991 6,715,402 13,585 16,002 120,344 1992 6,641,634 16,493 18,705 96,896 1993 7,000,168 16,060 17,672 90,750 1994 7,234,345 16,625 16,869 93,103 1995 8,186,512 17,131 16,229 112,521 1996 8,298,736 17,836 17,525 117,247 1997 8,622,359 19,043 16,465 117,495 1998 8,810,476 15,183 15,639 115,092 1999 9,543,437 15,349 15,887 118,188 2000 10,268,325 17,096 26,792 127,668 2001 9,863,870 17,578 15,977 125,484 2002 9,055,002 13,787 14,258 111,334 2003 11,055,303 12,800 4,665 134,395 2004 11,014,062 12,009 8,044 131,875 2005 11,500,454 11,246 3,125 137,288 2006 11,787,960 13,490 5,522 134,322 2007 13,510,188 14,830 4,823 145,423 2008 14,486,610 28,427 5,142 161,237

Public transport

The airport is linked by several BVG bus lines, which offer connection to the U-Bahn and S-Bahn, as well as to Regional Express trains and long distance trains: ^[57]

• The JetExpress TXL bus runs to Beusselstraße S-Bahn station, Central Station (within 20 minutes), Unter den Linden, and Alexanderplatz (within 40 minutes).
• The X9 express bus runs to Jakob-Kaiser Platz U-Bahn station (within 5 minutes), Jungfernheide S-Bahn and Regional Express station, and Zoologischer Garten U-Bahn/S-Bahn/Regional Express station (within 20 minutes).
• The 109 bus runs to Jakob-Kaiser Platz U-Bahn station, Charlottenburg S-Bahn and Regional Express station (within 20 minutes), and Zoologischer Garten U-Bahn/S-Bahn/Regional Express station (within 30 minutes).
• The 128 bus runs to Kurt-Schumacher-Platz U-Bahn station (within 10 minutes) and Osloer Straße U-Bahn station (within 25 minutes).

Note: The Alt-Tegel U-Bahn station and Tegel S-Bahn station do not serve Tegel Airport, but rather the Tegel quarter of Berlin. An underground station directly serving the airport had been planned since 1960s but was never built.

Terminals

Tegel airport consists of four terminals. As the airport is small compared to other major airports, these terminals might be regarded as "halls" or "boarding areas"; nevertheless, they are officially referred to as "terminals".

• The main building is the original part of the airport. It consists of two parts:
  • Terminal A is a hexagon-shaped ring concourse with a parking area, taxi stands and bus stops in its middle. It features 14 jetway bridges (all other terminal feature movable stairs for boarding) which correspond to 16 respective check-in counters (A00A15), with jetways 1 and 14 each serving two check-in counters. There is no transit zone, which means that each gate has its own security clearance checkpoint and exit for arriving passengers. Therefore, direct flight connections are not possible. All major airlines arrive and depart here (especially "prestigious" flights like intercontinental services or flights to the busy European hub airports). The whole rooftop works as a visitor platform ^[58].
  • Terminal B (also called "Nebel-Hall" after German spaceflight pioneer Rudolf Nebel) is a converted former waiting area in a side wing of the main building (check-in counters B20B39). There is only one bus-boarding aircraft stand directly serving it.
• Terminal C was opened in May 2007 as a temporary solution (as the airport is scheduled for closure in 2012) because all other terminals were full to capacity. It is largely used by Air Berlin, which gave it the name Air-Berlin-Terminal. It features 26 check-in counters (C40C57, C60-C67) and 8 bus-boarding aircraft stands. From 2008 until August 2009, 5 additional aircraft stands were constructed and the building was expanded by approximately 50% of its original size, in order to handle another 1.5 million passengers per year. The extended terminal now houses a transit zone for connecting passengers (which did not exist at any other terminal). Due to noise protection treaties, the overall number of aircraft stands at Tegel airport is restricted, thus aircraft stands on the apron (serving Terminals A and D) had to be removed for compensation.^[59]
• Terminal D, a converted car park, was opened in 2001. It features 22 check-in counters (D70D91), with one bus-boarding gate and two walk-boarding gates. Most passengers of airlines operating smaller aircraft (especially Lufthansa Regional) are brought to the remote aircraft stands by bus from here. Terminal D is the only part of the airport that remains open all night long. The lower level arrival area is called Terminal E.

Tegel Airport was originally planned to have a second hexagonal terminal like the main building.^[60] The second terminal ring was never built because of Berlin Municipal budgetary constraints and the post-reunification decision to replace the former West Berlin airports with the new Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport.

Main building

Terminal A and B (airside)

Terminal C

Terminal D (airside)

Airlines and destinations

The following airlines offer scheduled flights to Berlin-Tegel Airport:^[61]

Airlines	Destinations	Terminal
Aegean Airlines	Athens	A
airBaltic	Riga, Vilnius	A
Air Berlin	Cologne/Bonn, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Munich, Zürich	A
Air Berlin	Tel Aviv	B
Air Berlin	Alicante, Antalya [seasonal], Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Barcelona, Bari [begins 1 May, seasonal], Brindisi [begins 1 June, seasonal], Cairo, Calvi [begins 1 May, seasonal], Catania [seasonal], Chania [begins 5 May, seasonal], Copenhagen, Corfu [seasonal], Djerba [seasonal], Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Gothenburg-Landvetter, Graz [begins 1 May, seasonal], Helsinki, Heraklion [seasonal], Hurghada, Ibiza [seasonal], Innsbruck [seasonal], Jerez de la Frontera [seasonal], Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden, Klagenfurt, Kos [seasonal], Kraków, Lamezia Terme [seasonal], Lanzarote, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Luxor, Málaga, Memmingen, Milan-Malpensa, Minorca [seasonal], Monastir [seasonal], Moscow-Domodedovo, Münster/Osnabrück, Naples [resumes 31 May], Nuremberg, Oslo-Gardermoen, Palma de Mallorca, Paris-Orly, Phuket [ends 25 April], Punta Cana, Reykjavik-Keflavik [begins 20 May, seasonal], Rhodes [seasonal], Rome-Fiumicino, Samos [seasonal], Santa Cruz de la Palma, Santorini [seasonal], Saarbrücken, Salzburg, Sharm el-Sheikh, Stockholm-Arlanda, St Petersburg, Stuttgart, Tenerife-South, Thessaloniki [seasonal], Varadero [ends 30 April], Venice-Marco Polo [begins 28 March, seasonal], Vienna, Visby [begins 19 June, seasonal], Westerland/Sylt [seasonal]	C
Air France	Paris-Charles de Gaulle	A
Air Malta	Malta	C
Air VIA	Burgas [begins 26 May, seasonal]	C
Alitalia	Turin	A
Armavia	Yerevan	C
Austrian Airlines	Vienna [begins 27 March]	A
Austrian operated by Tyrolean Airways	Vienna	D
Blue1	Helsinki [resumes 3 March]	D
British Airways	London-Heathrow	A
Brussels Airlines	Brussels	D
Bulgaria Air	Sofia	C
Bulgarian Air Charter	Burgas [seasonal], Varna [seasonal]	C
Cirrus Airlines	Mannheim	D
Continental Airlines	Newark	A
Czech Airlines	Prague	D
Delta Air Lines	New York-JFK	A
Estonian Air	Tallinn	D
Finnair	Helsinki	D
flysmaland operated by Avitrans Nordic	Växjö	D
Germania	Aleppo, Damascus, Palma de Mallorca [begins 3 April, seasonal]	C
Hainan Airlines	Beijing-Capital	A
Hamburg International	Dubai [seasonal, ends 26 March], Elaz [begins 15 June, seasonal]	C
Iberia Airlines	Madrid	A
InterSky	Friedrichshafen, Graz [ends 26 March]	C
Jat Airways	Belgrade	C
KLM	Amsterdam	A
KLM operated by KLM Cityhopper	Amsterdam	A
Kullaflyg operated by Golden Air	Ängelholm [begins 31 March]	D
LOT Polish Airlines	Warsaw	D
LOT operated by EuroLOT	Warsaw	D
Lufthansa	Cologne/Bonn, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Moscow-Domodedovo, Munich, Stuttgart	A
Lufthansa operated by bmi	London-Heathrow	A
Lufthansa Regional operated by Contact Air	Stuttgart	D
Lufthansa Regional operated by Eurowings	Düsseldorf [ends 29 March], Nuremberg, Paris-Charles de Gaulle	D
Lufthansa Regional operated by Lufthansa CityLine	Cologne/Bonn, Düsseldorf, Nuremberg, Vienna [ends 26 March]	D
Luxair	Luxembourg, Saarbrücken	A
Malév Hungarian Airlines	Budapest	C
MIAT Mongolian Airlines	Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Ulan Bator	C
Nouvelair	Monastir [seasonal]	C
Pegasus Airlines	Antalya	C
Qatar Airways	Doha	A
Scandinavian Airlines	Copenhagen, Stockholm-Arlanda	D
Sky Airlines	Antalya	C
SunExpress	Antalya	C
Swiss International Air Lines	Zürich	A
Transaero Airlines	Moscow-Domodedovo	A
transavia.com	Amsterdam, Innsbruck [seasonal]	D
TUIfly	Antalya [begins 3 March, seasonal], Dalaman [begins 3 May, seasonal], Fuerteventura [seasonal, ends 30 April], Heraklion [seasonal], Hurghada [ends 29 April], Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Luxor [ends 29 April], Palma de Mallorca [begins 12 April, seasonal], Rhodes [begins 6 May, seasonal], Tel Aviv [ends 27 March], Tenerife-South [ends 25 April]	D
Turkish Airlines	Istanbul-Atatürk	B
Ukraine International Airlines	Kiev-Boryspil	C
Wind Jet	Forli	D

Cargo airlines

Airlines	Destinations
TNT Airways	Gdansk, Katowice, Liège

Accidents and incidents

There are no recorded accidents or incidents involving commercial airline operations at Berlin Tegel itself. However, two commercial flights, one of which was due to arrive at Tegel Airport and the other which had departed the airport, were involved in fatal accidents. These accidents are listed below:

• On 15 November 1966, a Pan Am Boeing 727-21 (registration N317PA) operating the return leg of the airline's daily cargo flight from Berlin to Frankfurt Rhein-Main Airport (flight number PA 708) was due to land that night at Tegel Airport, rather than Tempelhof, due to runway resurfacing work taking place at that time at the latter. Berlin Control had cleared flight 708 for an ILS approach to Tegel Airport's runway 08, soon after the crew had begun its descent from FL090 to FL030 before entering the southwest air corridor over East Germany on the last stretch of its journey to Berlin. The aircraft impacted the ground near Dallgow, East Germany, almost immediately after the crew had acknowledged further instructions received from Berlin Control, just ten miles from Tegel Airport. All three crew members lost their lives in this accident. Visibility was poor, and it was snowing at the time of the accident. Following the accident, the Soviet military authorities in East Germany returned only half of the aircraft's wreckage to their US counterparts in West Berlin. This excluded vital parts, such as the FDR, the CVR as well as the plane's flight control systems, its navigation and communication equipment. The subsequent NTSB investigation report concluded that the aircraft's descent below its altitude clearance limit was the accident's probable cause. However, the NTSB was unable to establish the factors that had caused the crew to descend below its cleared minimum altitude.^[62][63][64]

• Between 1969 and 1982, Berlin Tegel was the destination of several aircraft hijackings involving LOT Polish Airlines domestic flights within Poland. The hijackings were a means of forcing the authorities in communist Poland to let the hijackers emigrate from the Eastern Bloc. Once the aircraft had landed at Tegel, the French military authorities in charge of the airport during the Cold War era let the hijackers and anyone else who did not wish to return to Poland disembark and claim political asylum in West Berlin. The aircraft, its crew and those passengers who did not want to disembark were subsequently returned to Poland.^[65][66]

• On 7 January 1997, Austrian Airlines flight 104, a McDonnell Douglas MD-87 enroute to Vienna International Airport, was highjacked shortly after take-off from Tegel Airport by a Bosnian male carrying a knife (which was small enough to be allowed on board under then valid safety regulations). The pilots were forced to return to Berlin, where the perpetrator was overpowered by German police forces.^[67]

• On 24 November 2001, a Crossair Avro RJ100 (registration: HB-IXM) operating flight LX 3597 from Berlin Tegel to Zürich on behalf of Swiss International Air Lines crashed during a night time approach to Zürich's Kloten Airport, killing 24 of the aircraft's 33 occupants (three out of five crew members and 21 out of 28 passengers).^[68]

Notes

References

• Berlin Airport Company (Berliner Flughafen Gesellschaft [BFG]) Monthly Timetable Booklet for Berlin Tempelhof and Berlin Tegel Airports, several issues (German language edition only), 1964-1992. West Berlin, Germany: Berlin Airport Company. 

• Flight International. Sutton, UK: Reed Business Information. ISSN 0015-3710.  (various backdated issues relating to commercial air transport at Berlin Tegel during the Allied period from 2 January 1960 until 2 October 1990)

• OAG Flight Guide Worldwide. Dunstable, UK: OAG Worldwide Ltd. ISSN 1466-8718.  (October 1990 until December 1994)

• In Flight Dan-Air's English language in-flight magazine (Special Silver Jubilee Edition), 1978. London, UK: Dan Air Services Ltd. 

• Kompass Dan-Air's German language in-flight magazine, various copies 1975-1990. West Berlin, Germany: Dan Air Services Ltd. 

• Simons, Graham M. (1993). The Spirit of Dan-Air. Peterborough, UK: GMS Enterprises. ISBN 1-8703-8420-2. 

• Eglin, Roger, and Ritchie, Berry (1980). Fly me, I'm Freddie. London, UK: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-2977-7746-7. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tegel International Airport

• Berlin Tegel Airport Homepage
• local public transportation map (PDF)
• Current weather for EDDT at NOAA/NWS
• Accident history for TXL at Aviation Safety Network

v  e Airports of Germany Augsburg Airport  Baden Baden: Baden Airpark  Bayreuth: Bindlacher Berg Airport  Berlin: Schönefeld Airport  Berlin: Tegel Airport  Berlin: Tempelhof Airport  Bitburg Airport  Borkum Airfield  Braunschweig/Wolfsburg Airport  Bremen Airport  Bremerhaven Airport  Cologne/Bonn Airport  Dortmund Airport  Dresden: Klotzsche Airport  Düsseldorf Airport  Emden Airport  Erfurt Airport  Frankfurt am Main Airport  Frankfurt: Egelsbach Airport  Friedrichshafen Airport  Hahn: Frankfurt-Hahn Airport  Hamburg: Fuhlsbüttel Airport  Hanover: Langenhagen Airport  Heide/Büsum Airport  Heist: Uetersen Airport  Heligoland Airport  Heringsdorf Airport  Hof: Plauen Airport  Ingolstadt/Manching Airport  Kassel/Calden Airport  Kiel: Holtenau Airport  Leipzig-Altenburg Airport  Leipzig/Halle Airport  Lübeck: Blankensee Airport  Mannheim City Airport  Memmingen Airport  Mönchengladbach: Düsseldorf-Mönchengladbach Airport  Münster/Osnabrück Airport  Munich: Franz Josef Strauß Airport  Nuremberg Airport  Paderborn Lippstadt Airport  Rostock: Laage Airport  Saarbrücken Airport  Siegen: Siegerland Airport  Stuttgart: Echterdingen Airport  Weeze: Niederrhein Airport  Westerland: Sylt Airport  Zweibrücken Airport

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This article based on this article: Berlin-Tegel_International_Airport from the free encyclopedia Wikipedia and work with the GNU Free Documentation License. In Wikipedia is this list of the authors.