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Airport Mumbai (India) - Chhatrapati Shivaji

"Bombay Airport," "Mumbai Airport" and "Sahar Airport" redirect here. For Mumbai's general aviation airport, see Juhu Aerodrome.
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Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport Mumbai
Sahar International Airport
IATA: BOM ICAO: VABB
BOM
Location of airport in India
BOM
Location of airport in Mumbai
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner GVK, Airports Authority of India
Operator Mumbai International Airport Limited (MIAL)
Serves Mumbai
Location Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Hub for
Elevation AMSL 37 ft / 11 m
Coordinates 19°0519N 72°5205E / 19.08861°N 72.86806°E / 19.08861; 72.86806Coordinates: 19°0519N 72°5205E / 19.08861°N 72.86806°E / 19.08861; 72.86806
Website www.csia.in
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
14/32 2,860 9,383 Asphalt
09/27 3,660 12,008 Asphalt
Statistics (Apr '11 Mar '12)
Passenger movements 30,747,841
Aircraft movements 251,492
Cargo tonnage 657,470
Source: AAI[1][2][3]

Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (CSIA) (IATA: BOM, ICAO: VABB), formerly Sahar International Airport, is the primary international airport in Mumbai, India, and is named after the 17th century Maratha Emperor, Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhosle. The Airport's IATA code "BOM", is derived from Bombay, Mumbai's former name.

The airport is the second busiest airport in India in terms of overall passenger traffic.[1] The airport has five operating terminals spread over an operational area of 1,500 acres (610 ha); CSIA handled 30.74 million passengers and 656,369 tonnes of cargo during FY 2011-12.[4] Along with Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport, it handles more than half of the air traffic in South Asia.[5][6][7] In 2010, CSIA airport was ranked the 30th busiest airport in the world in terms of cargo with 671,238 tonnes handled. In 2011, the airport was ranked the third-best in the world in the 2540 million passengers category by Airports Council International.[8] Also in 2011, the airport was the 44th busiest in the world with 30,439,122 passengers handled, registering a 7.6% growth rate over the previous year.[9]

The airport is one amongst a few airports in the world to be located within the city's municipal limits. It is situated in the suburb of Santa Cruz and the Sahar neighbourhood of Andheri suburb in the pincode area of 400099.[10] Mumbai International Airport Limited, a consortium of GVK Industries Ltd, Airports Company South Africa and Bidvest,[11] was appointed to carry out the modernisation of Mumbai Airport in February 2006. This project was to be completed by end of 2013, but this has been delayed by another year to the end of 2014.[12] Once completed, CSIA will be capable of handling 40 million passengers and 1 million metric tonnes of cargo annually. The construction of a dedicated six lane, elevated road connecting the new terminal with the main arterial Western Express Highway is underway.[13]

Contents

History

The Juhu Aerodrome functioned as Mumbai's sole airport until 1942. Due to operational constraints imposed by its low-level location and proximity to the Arabian Sea coastline making it vulnerable during the monsoon season, a move further inland became necessary.

RAF Santacruz was set up in 1942. It was a bigger airfield than Juhu and was home to several RAF squadrons during World War II from 1942 to 1947.[14] The Airport covered an area of about 1,500 acres (610 ha) and initially had three runways.[15] The apron existed on the south side of runway 09/27, and the area, referred to today as the "Old Airport", houses, among others, maintenance hangars of Air India, Air Works India and MIAL's General Aviation Terminal.

By 1946, when the RAF began the process of handing over the airfield to the Director General of Civil Aviation for Civil operations,[16] two old abandoned hangars of the Royal Air Force had been converted into a terminal for passenger traffic. One hangar was used as a domestic terminal and the other for international traffic. It had counters for customs and immigration checks on either side and a lounge in the centre. Air India handled its passengers in its own terminal adjoining the two hangars.[15] In its first year, it handled six civilian services a day.

Traffic at the airport increased after Karachi was partitioned to Pakistan and as many as 40 daily internal and foreign services operated by 1949, prompting the Indian Government to develop the airport, equipping the airport with a night landing system comprising a Radio range and a modernised flare path lighting system[17] Construction of a new passenger terminal and apron began in 1950 and was commissioned in 1958,.[15] Named after the neighbourhood in which it stood and initially under the aegis of the Public Works Department, the new airport was subsequently run by the Ministry of Civil Aviation. After a major fire gutted the Santa Cruz terminal in 1979, a temporary departure extension or "Gulf Terminal" became functional in October that year.

With the dawning of the Jumbo Jet era in the 1970s, Santacruz, despite several extensions, began suffering from insufficient operational capacity. The Tata committee, set up in 1967 to examine the issues concerning the airport, had recommended the construction of a new international terminal to meet the requirements of traffic in the seventies. The Santa Cruz terminal was to be used for domestic traffic alone. The International Airport Authority of India (IAAI), which was set up in 1972, started planning the construction of a new terminal building for handling international passenger traffic, to be completed by 1981. Accordingly construction of the new International terminal at Sahar to the north-east of Santacruz was taken up at an estimated cost of Rs. 110 million. The terminal was made operational in 1980.[15]

Structure

The airport consists of two passenger terminals: Terminal 1 at Santacruz for domestic flights and Terminal 2 at Sahar for international flights. These terminals use the same airside facilities but are physically separated on the cityside, requiring a 1520 minute (airside) drive between them. MIAL operates coach shuttle services between the domestic and international terminals for transit passengers.

Runways

Mumbai has two intersecting runways. Both runways have been upgraded to Code F, which means they can accommodate larger aircraft like the Airbus A380.[18] Following a presentation in March 2011 by UKs air traffic service provider NATS on how the capacity of the airport can be increased, MIAL set a target of 48 aircraft movements an hour in an effort to reduce congestion at the airport. Both runways were operated simultaneously especially during peak hours.[19] The construction of new rapid exit taxiways helped in increasing flight handling capacity from 32 movements per hour to 44, resulting in the creation of 19 additional flight slots in its Winter 2012 schedule.[20]

Number Length Width ILS Notes
0927 3,660 m (12,008 ft)) 60 metres (200 ft) Cat. II (27); Cat. I (09) Once the longest commercial runway in India, Runway 09/27 is the main runway and has a full-length parallel taxiway to its north by 9 taxiways including three rapid exit taxiways. It intersects the secondary runway south of the terminal buildings.

The reconstruction of the runway was completed in May 2011. The runway width was increased from 45 metres (148 ft) to 60 metres (200 ft) with a runway shoulder width of 7.5m added on each side. The ILS on 27 starts at 2,900 ft (880 m) and is 9.1 nautical miles (16.9 km) long with a glide slope path of 3°.[21]
1432 2,860 m (9,380 ft) 60 metres (200 ft) Cat. I (both directions) Runway 14/32 has ten taxiways including three rapid exit taxiways that connect to a parallel taxiway running along its eastern flank. It runs between Terminals 1 and 2 and was reconstructed in 2010. The runway shoulders were widened from 7.5m to 15m.

The existing 72 m (236 ft) tall ATC tower, erected in 1996, stands close to the secondary runway and is a notified obstruction in the aircraft path. Hence, some carriers such as Singapore Airlines, Saudi Airlines and Continental Airlines avoid using the secondary runway and cancel or reschedule their flights into Mumbai when the main runway is unusable.[22]

Further issues with utilising 14/32 are:

  • There is a higher probability of missed approaches and diversions in inclement weather because of the runway's higher approach minima at both ends.
  • Trombay Hill, lies 4.5 nmi (8.3 km) away from the 32 end, an approach also questioned recently by security agencies because the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) nuclear complex at Trombay (Anushakti Nagar) lies within its flight path.

Expansion

In January 2006, the GVK led consortium won the bid to manage and operate CSIA. To accomplish this task, Mumbai International Airport Private Limited (MIAL), a Joint Venture between the consortium (74%) and the Airports Authority of India (26%) was formed.[23] Since then, MIAL has made several improvements in the aesthetics, design and passenger conveniences at CSIA.

The graphic design and ambientation of the airport has mainly been created by Argentinan design studio Steinbranding. Landscape improvements were designed by Design Cell, a firm specialising in landscape architecture.

Master plan

In October 2006, MIAL unveiled the master plan[24] for CSIA, which has been designed to expand and upgrade the infrastructure to cater for 40 million passengers per year and one million metric tonnes of cargo per year by 2010.[25] The separate international and domestic terminals will be merged into one terminal building at the current international building and the current domestic terminal will be converted to a dedicated cargo terminal. The new terminal will have a floor area of 439,000 m2 (4,730,000 sq ft).[26] MIAL has also incorporated a parallel runway as part of the master plan but there are some obstructions to this part of the which includes land acquisition and rehabilitation of slums as well as relocation of a number of airport facilities.[27]

The implementation will be undertaken in two stages:

  • The Interim Phase was the implementation of several immediate measures. These were completed in 2008 and included:
    • Refurbishment and construction at Terminal 2
    • Revamp of Terminal 1A to upgrade and expand facilities such as check-in counters and boarding bridges
    • Setting-up of temporary cargo facilities to add capacity
    • Upgrading of the airside runway facilities such as rapid exit taxiways to increase runway capacity to cater to traffic growth
    • Enhancing city-side facilities such as multi-level car parks
  • Phase Two (to be completed by mid-2012) included:
    • Creation of a brand new terminal building (T2) at Sahar catering to both international and domestic operations
    • Construction of a dedicated link from the Western Express Highway to T2 at Sahar
    • Enhancement of the airside facilities by shifting the air traffic control tower and construction of a parallel taxiway for runway 14/32.
    • Development of infrastructure on the city-side
    • Building new cargo facilities
    • Construction of Terminal 1C[28]

New taxiways have been developed to reduce the runway occupancy time by aircraft after landing. The airport has five rapid exit taxiways. By 2013, 11 rapid exit taxiways will be constructed.[29] MIAL is undertaking the installation of a centralised data system which will provide information about domestic as well as international flights to all display devices at both terminals instead of just one or the other as at present. There are plans to extend the scope of the system to the air traffic control (ATC) and apron control areas, the airport website and even to leading hotel chains. A centralised call centre to provide flight details is also envisaged.

A Wi-Fi service is available free of charge throughout the airport.[30]

Project facts
  • Cost: 123 billion (US$2.3 billion)[31]
  • Airport area: 800 hectares[32]
  • Completion Year: 2014
  • Project Area: 4,843,759 ft (1,476,378 m)
  • Building Height: 45 m
  • Number of Storeys: 4
New Terminal T2

L&T ECCD have been awarded the contract to construct the new Terminal 2 which is designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM). The terminal will cover a land area of 210,000 square metres and will replace the existing International Terminal. The entire project is estimated to cost 98 billion (US$1.8 billion) and employ over 12,000 workers.[33] The X-shaped terminal will handle both domestic and International passengers and will have a total floor area of 439,000 square metres across four floors. It will include new taxiways and apron areas for aircraft parking designed to cater to 40 million passengers annually.[34] The iconic structure will have boarding gates on two piers extending southwards from a central processing building featuring a 42 metre high roof employing over 20,000 metric tonnes of fabricated steel covering 30 acres.[35] The new T2 terminal building will operate Multiple Aircraft Ramp System (MARS) stands and swing gates, so that a single stand can accommodate either one wide body aircraft or two narrow body aircraft, in either domestic or international configuration.[36] The terminal will be connected by the six-lane Sahar Elevated Access Road to the Western Express Highway. A metro rail link to the terminal is also planned.[37]

The new terminal will have around 21,000 square meters of retail space, lounges and travel services, over 5,000 square meters of landscaping and a multi level car park for 5,000 cars.[29] T2 will have 188 check-in counters and 60 immigration counters for departing passengers, and 10 baggage carousels and 76 immigration counters for arriving passengers. To transfer passengers across its four levels, the building will have 47 escalators and 73 elevators. The terminal will also feature 41 travelators.[34] In the initial phase of development due for completion in 2013, the apron adjoining T2 will provide a total of 48 stands including 3 Code F stands (for the A-380). In the final phase of development a total of 38 Code E/F contact stands, 14 Code E/F remote stands and 19 Code C remote stands will be provided (total 71 stands).[36] International operations from the building are expected to commence by last quarter of 2013, while the domestic operations will be transferred from the Santacruz terminal to T2 by the last quarter of 2014.[38]

Key facilities at the New T2[39]
Facilities Proposed Existing
Parking stands for aircraft 106 84
Boarding bridges 52 25
Check-in counters 188 135
Car parking 5,000 3,600
Air Traffic Control Tower

India's second-tallest Air Traffic Control Tower with a height of 83.8 m (275 ft) is being built in a section of the parking area opposite terminal 1B. The triangular three dimensional structure with soft vertices has won the Hong Kong Building Information Modeling (BIM) Award for the year 2009.[40] From the new tower, air traffic controllers will be able to see five miles beyond the thresholds of both runways. The cost of the fully equipped tower is estimated at Rs 4 billion.[41] The structure is likely to be ready for handing over to the Air Traffic Control by end of March 2013 and is likely to be inaugurated by October 2013 after installation of ATC equipment.[42]

The existing ATC tower began functioning in 1999 and was built by the Airports Authority of India (AAI) at an overall project cost of about Rs 2.80 billion.[43] The old tower stands 60 metres tall, uncomfortably close to the secondary runway. Hence, many such as Singapore International Airlines, Saudi Airways, Qantas and Continental do not use this runway.[44] The old tower also obstructs the path of a parallel taxiway under construction for the secondary runway. The old tower will be demolished after all operations are shifted to the new tower and the taxiway will be completed.

Sahar Elevated Access Road
Main article: Sahar Elevated Access Road

Despite the fact that T2 is located in Sahar close to Mumbais arterial Western Express Highway, passengers travelling to the terminal have a harrowing road traffic experience. The impending shift of all domestic air traffic to T2 would worsen the situation the daytime and evening peak traffic hours.[45]

In order to avoid these traffic bottlenecks, a dedicated, direct elevated corridor was envisaged. This elevated corridor, also called the Sahar Elevated Access Road, runs roughly east-west between the Western Express Highway near Hanuman Mandir to the airports forecourt bypassing the crowded Chakala, Sahar Road and Jog flyover areas of Andheri (east). MIAL is contributing a major share of the project cost.[45]

The Rs 2.87 billion project, commissioned in January 2008 and expected to be complete in two years, has been delayed due to issues in shifting Project-affected persons (PAPs) to resettlement colonies in Kurla and Oshiwara. The road is being constructed under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.[46]

On the WEH end, the project comprises 1,050 metres of elevated road, a 98 metre long tunnel with ramps measuring 261 metres, three vehicular underpasses each of 48, 22 & 30 metres and a 641 metre long 6 lane road at Grade. A 48 metre long pedestrian cum 2 wheeler underpass on the WEH is also part of the plan. The airport end of the elevated road will have four ramps totally measuring 2,200 metres to connect to the arrivals and departure sections of the airport forecourt.[45]

Parallel runway

A second parallel runway was being considered to meet objections raised by the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests against the proposed location of the Navi Mumbai International Airport near Kopra Panvel.

Two alternatives that were mooted by MIAL in the master plan[24] for CSIA:

  1. An east-west runway parallel to the existing runway 09/27 on the southern side. With a length of 12,500 ft (3,800 m), this runway will accommodate new-generation aircraft, and also be sufficiently distant (more than 800 feet (240 m) apart) from the existing runway; it would necessitate the relocation of Air-India's hangars and maintenance facilities.
  2. A second runway parallel to the current cross runway 14/32 on the northern side, between the international terminal to the north and the Kalina campus university grounds. The airport's flight kitchens and the Sahar police station would have to be moved and the area to which they could be relocated is occupied by thousands of slum-dwellers.

The parallel runway remains an active part of the plan but in the meantime the cross runways are being upgraded as much as possible.[27]

Challenges

Slum relocations

The Airport's expansion plans, however, have been repeatedly thwarted by slums encroaching onto the airport area.[47] According to a report submitted by GVK to the Ministry of Civil Aviation, the airport's total operating area covers 936 acres (3.79 km2) of which actual encroached land is 262 acres (1.06 km2) against a government estimate of 147 acres (0.59 km2). Land subject to legal proceedings covers an area of 34 acres (140,000 m2). Approximately 308 acres of airport land is encroached upon by about 85,000 hutments houing a population of around 400,000 persons,

In 2007, MIAL awarded the airport slum rehabilitation project, the largest urban rehabilitation scheme in the country, to HDIL. The project entailed shifting people living on 276 acres of encroached airport land to enable airport expansion. As part of the deal, HDIL was expected to build and provide eligible slumdwellers free housing on its own land within a radius of 2 km from the airport within seven years. In return, HDIL was to get a couple of crore square feet of land in the form of Transfer of Development Rights (TDR). However, less than 500 of the 85,000 slum families have been relocated to new houses. According to MMRDA, these 500 families were the ones moved to facilitate the Sahar Elevated Access Road. None of the encroached 276 acres has been freed up partly because 40% to 50% of the slumdwellers on airport land were ineligible for rehabilitation. The state had extended the cut-off date for these slum residents from January 1995 to January 2000. This meant that only the slumdwellers residing at the spot prior to 2000 are eligible for free housing under the project.[48]

In August 2012, The State Government admitted its inability to clear encroachments and excluded nearly 200 acres of encroached land from the modernization and expansion plans for the airport. Hence, only 104 acres of the encroached land required for aeronautical purposes will be cleared.[49]

Statue Relocation

A 17-month delay in the relocation of the statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, whose location fell in the footprint of the new common user terminal, cost Rs. 25 crore, according to a consultation paper by the Airport Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA).[50] The report stated that although the statue area was scheduled to be handed over for construction by 31 March 2010, the State Government kept delaying the sanction to move the statue because the Shiv Sena, Bharatiya Janata Party, the main Opposition parties in the Maharashtra State assembly and the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena held protests against the shifting of the statue. MIAL doesn't have the right to hurt our sentiment on Shivaji Maharaj just because they are developing the airport, stated MNS MLA Bala Nandgaonkar, "We will not allow the statue to be shifted."[51]

MIAL had proposed to construct a grand memorial of Chhatrapati Shivaji on the Western Express Highway near the airport. In addition, it proposed to relocate the statue to a garden near the airport and undertake beautification. The proposals failed to deter the protesters. The change of government in the state further delayed the decision making process.[52] The delay in approval affected work on approximately 50,000 square feet of land and has led to delay in project completion. The Statue was relocated on August 27, 2011 and the area was handed over for construction.

Terminals, airlines and destinations

The airport consists of four terminals:

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 comprises three adjacent structures, designated 1A, 1B and 1C.

  • Terminal 1-A opened in April 1992, and is used by Air India. It has an area of 15,000 m2 (160,000 sq ft) and has 54 check in counters, 9 self check in counters, 6 Kiosk check in, 8 security channels
  • Terminal 1-B was the original Santacruz building used for international and domestic operations. It was refurbished in 1998, and is used by all of the other domestic airlines. It has an area of 18,900 m2 (203,000 sq ft) and has 72 check in counters, 12 self check in counters, 9 Kiosk check in, 12 security channels.
  • Terminal 1-C was built at a cost of Rs 3 billion and opened in April 2010. The building serves as a boarding-only facility for all airlines. The terminal has 6 passenger boarding bridges and allows connectivity between terminals 1A and 1B. It is spread over 297,194 sq ft across three levels and has a seating capacity of about 900 passengers. Level 1 houses the offices of MIAL and some airlines, Level 2 comprises the security-hold area for passengers after checking in at either terminal 1A or 1B. Level 3 accommodates a food court.[53]
Terminal 2

Designed by Aéroports de Paris and opened in January 1981, Terminal 2 was built in three modular phases as 2-A, 2-B, and 2-C. Each module had a capacity of 2.5 million passengers. This terminal has an area of 120,000 m2 (1,300,000 sq ft).[15] The original terminal was a convex shaped single concourse building with 14 Code E contact stands. The greater T2 apron also provided a further 15 Code D/E and 6 Code C remote stands. This gave a total of 35 stands on the existing apron.[36]

  • 2-A This first phase of the terminal complex was completed at a cost of 180 million (US$3.3 million)[15] and served most international carriers. Its boarding gates 3 to 8 were the first aerobridges installed in the subcontinent. It has now been decommissioned and was demolished in January 2009[54] to make way for the new T2 structure.
  • 2-B, costing 220 million (US$4.0 million) was completed in 1984.[15] It served Air India and carriers handled by Air India between September 1986 and October 1999 and was decommissioned when 2-C opened. An extensively refurbished 2-B is now operational once again, following the demolition of 2A
  • 2-C, inaugurated in October 1999, was originally exclusively for Air India, Air-India Express and those carriers whose ground operations were handled by Air India.

The Terminal 2 complex is under re-development and will handle all passenger traffic (international and domestic) when completed.

General Aviation Terminal

CSIA's GA Terminal for private and non-scheduled flight operators (NSOPs) is located at Kalina on the south-west side of the airfield. The terminal was approved for international operations in April 2011, making CSIA the first airport in India to have a self-contained terminal for handling round the clock domestic and international flight operations for private and NSOPs. The terminal offers facilities for passengers departing and arriving on private aircraft and business jets. The terminal has two exclusive lounges, two conference halls, two crew rest rooms and a cafe bar.[55]

Cargo Facility

The Air Cargo Complex, located west of the International Passenger Terminal (T2), has been in operation since 1977.[56] The cargo apron is capable of handling five wide-bodied aircraft. In 200910, the airport handled 385,937 metric tones of International Cargo and 165,252 metric tones of Domestic Cargo.[57]

Air India (AI) and Mumbai International Airport Pvt Ltd (MIAL) have been appointed as custodians of cargo by the Central Board of Excise and Customs at Mumbai. MIAL handles 33 airlines while AI handles 11. Apart from handling 65% of the international volumes at CSIA, MIAL also operates the Common User Domestic Cargo Facility since November 2009 handling Deccan 360 and IndiGo. The common user facility for exports is 7,500 m2 and handles 11,000 tonnes per month. The Common User Express Terminal for couriers is operated by the Express Industry Council of India. Small shipments are handled via the International Passenger Terminal or the Domestic Passenger Terminal while larger express parcels are handled through the general cargo warehouses.

The Cargo Terminal has a Centre for Perishable Cargo(CPC) with an area of 1844 m2 for perishable and temperature sensitive international export shipments, strong rooms of 115 m2 for storage of valuable cargo and storage areas for dangerous goods in both import and export warehouses, dedicated Unaccompanied Baggage handling and clearance areas and 9 coloured X-ray cargo screening machines for export cargo.[58]

Passenger airlines
Airlines Destinations Terminal
Air Arabia Sharjah 2
Air China Chengdu 2
Air France Paris-Charles de Gaulle 2
Air India Ahmedabad, Aurangabad, Bangalore, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Coimbatore, Delhi, Goa, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Jamnagar, Jodhpur, Kochi, Kolkata, Kozhikode, Lucknow, Madurai, Mangalore, Nagpur, Raipur, Rajkot, Ranchi, Thiruvananthapuram, Udaipur, Varanasi, Visakhapatnam 1A
Air India Abu Dhabi, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Dammam, Dubai, Jeddah, London-Heathrow, Muscat, Newark, New York-JFK, Riyadh, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore 2
Air India Express Bahrain, Chennai, Doha, Dubai, Kochi, Kozhikode, Mangalore, Pune, Thiruvananthapuram 2
Air Mauritius Mauritius 2
All Nippon Airways Tokyo-Narita 2
Bangkok Airways Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi 2
British Airways London-Heathrow 2
Cathay Pacific Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Hong Kong 2
Delta Air Lines Amsterdam 2
Druk Air Paro 2
EgyptAir Cairo 2
El Al Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion 2
Emirates Dubai 2
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa 2
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi 2
GoAir Ahmedabad, Bagdogra, Ranchi, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Goa, Guwahati, Jaipur, Jammu, Kochi, Leh, Lucknow, Nagpur, Nanded, Srinagar ,Lucknow, Kolkata, Siliguri, Port Blair, Pune 1B
Gulf Air Bahrain 2
IndiGo Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Coimbatore, Delhi, Goa, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Kochi, Kolkata, Lucknow, Nagpur, Patna, Raipur, Srinagar, Thiruvananthapuram, Vadodara, Visakhapatnam 1B
IndiGo Dubai, Muscat 2
Iran Air Tehran-Imam Khomeini 2
Iraqi Airways Baghdad, Najaf 2
Jet Airways Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Aurangabad, Bangalore, Bhavnagar, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Bhuj, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Diu, Goa, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kochi, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mangalore, Patna, Porbunder, Pune, Ranchi, Thiruvananthapuram, Udaipur, Vadodara, Visakhapatnam 1B
Jet Airways Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Brussels, Colombo, Dammam, Dhaka, Doha, Dubai, Hong Kong, Jeddah, Kathmandu, Kuwait, London-Heathrow, Muscat, Newark, Riyadh, Singapore 2
JetKonnect operated by JetLite Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Delhi, Goa, Hyderabad, Indore, Jammu, Kozhikode, Kolkata, Lucknow, Nagpur, Raipur, Rajkot, Srinagar 1B
Kenya Airways Nairobi-Jomo Kenyatta 2
Korean Air Seoul-Incheon 2
Kuwait Airways Kuwait 2
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich 2
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur 2
Maldivian Malé 2
Oman Air Muscat 2
Pakistan International Airlines Karachi 2
Qatar Airways Doha 2
Royal Jordanian Amman-Queen Alia 2
Saudia Dammam, Jeddah, Riyadh
Seasonal: Madinah		 2
Singapore Airlines Singapore 2
South African Airways Johannesburg 2
SpiceJet Agartala, Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bangalore, Calicut, Chandigarh, Chennai, Coimbatore, Delhi, Goa, Guwahati, Hubli, Hyderabad, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Jammu, Kochi, Kolkata, Madurai, Mangalore, Nanded, Srinagar, Surat, Thiruvananthapuram, Varanasi, Visakhapatnam 1B
SpiceJet Dubai 2
SriLankan Airlines Colombo 2
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich 2
Thai Airways International Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi 2
Thai Smile Phuket 2
Turkish Airlines Istanbul-Atatürk 2
United Airlines Newark 2
Virgin Atlantic Airways London-Heathrow 2
Yemenia Aden, Sana'a 2
Cargo airlines
Airlines Destinations
AeroLogic Leipzig/Halle
Air France Cargo Hong Kong, Paris-Charles de Gaulle
Atlas Air Bahrain, Dubai, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, London-Stansted, Newark, New York-JFK, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, Tokyo-Narita, Toledo
Blue Dart Aviation Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Patna
British Airways World Cargo London-Heathrow, London-Stansted
Cathay Pacific Cargo Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Chennai, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Paris-Charles de Gaulle
Deccan360 Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Delhi
DHL Aviation
operated by Atlas Air		 Barcelona, Brussels, Frankfurt
Emirates SkyCargo Dubai
Ethiopian Airlines Cargo Addis Ababa [59]
Etihad Crystal Cargo Abu Dhabi, Shanghai-Pudong [60]
FedEx Express Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Dubai, Guangzhou, Frankfurt-Hahn, Hong Kong, Memphis, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Tokyo-Narita
Finnair Cargo
operated by Nordic Global Airlines		 Helsinki
Korean Air Cargo Seoul-Incheon
Lufthansa Cargo Almaty, Cologne/Bonn, Frankfurt, Krasnoyarsk, Leipzig/Halle
Martinair Cargo / KLM Amsterdam, Hong Kong, Kuwait, Sharjah [61]
Polet Airlines Brussels, Guangzhou, Moscow-Sheremetyevo, ISeoul-Incheon
Qatar Airways Cargo Doha
Saudia Cargo Dammam, Jeddah, Riyadh
Singapore Airlines Cargo Bangalore, Brussels, Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Singapore
Turkish Airlines Cargo Istanbul-Atatürk, Riaydh
UPS Airlines Amsterdam-Schiphol, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Barcelona, Cologne/Bonn, Dubai, Frankfurt-Hahn, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Leipzig/Halle, Newark
Uzbekistan Airways Cargo Tashkent
Volga Dnepr Beijing-Capital, Dubai, Hong Kong, Krasnoyarsk, Ulyanovsk

Statistics

Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport is the second-busiest airport in the Indian Subcontinent,[62] in terms of passengers carried per year and second-busiest in term of traffic movements.[63][64] The airport can officially handle 36 flights per hour and intends to increase this to 48.[65]

The Mumbai-Delhi route was recently ranked by Official Airline Guide (OAG) as the seventh-busiest domestic route in the world, based on the number of flights per week. This airport, along with Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport, is the primary international gateway to India and served by approximately 50 international airlines. It is the primary hub for Jet Airways and GoAir and also serves as a secondary hub for a few other airlines, including Air India, IndiGo, JetLite and SpiceJet. International traffic peaks late in the night, whilst peak domestic traffic is before 10:00. Nevertheless, at least 45% of traffic flows between 10:00 and 18:30 daily.

In July 2010, the Airport was ranked fourth best in the world for having aerobridges, food courts, spas and salons.[66] This airport, along with airports in Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, and Kolkata handles more than 75% of the passengers in India. In the eleven months between April 2006 and February 2007, it handled 180,000 landings and take-offs and over 20 million passengers, with a total of 13.56 million domestic air passengers and 6.73 million international passengers[dated info]. It registered a 21.28% growth in passenger traffic over the previous year 200506, when the figure was 17.6 million passengers[67][dated info]. In 2008, for the second year in a row, it was the world's most-delayed airport in terms of arrivals. Only 49.95% of arrivals were on time. About 58% of its late arrivals in 2008 were delayed by 30 minutes or more, although the delay in these arrivals is largely attributed to air congestion at a flight's origin.[68]

Airport services

Fixed base operators (FBO)

There are several fixed base operators at the airport and they include:

Caterers

  • Ambassador's Sky Chef
  • Chef Air
  • Oberoi Flight Services
  • Sky Gourmet
  • TAJ-SATS

Fuellers

Ground handlers

  • Cambata Aviation
  • Celebi-Nas
  • NACIL


Accidents and incidents

1950s
  • On 15 July 1953, a BOAC DH.106 Comet landed at the much smaller Juhu Aerodrome instead of Santacruz Airport (now Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport). The aircraft was flown out some nine days later.[69]
  • On 19 July 1959, Rani of Aera, a Lockheed L-1049G Super Constellation (registered VT-DIN) carrying 46 people (39 passengers and 7 crew) approached Santacruz Airport in conditions of poor visibility due to rain. The captain was using an altimeter with the barometric pressure set at 29.92". An overshoot was delayed and the aircraft crashed and suffered damage beyond repair. There were no fatalities.
1960s
  • On 28 May 1968, the pilot of a Garuda Indonesia Convair 990 mistook the much smaller Juhu Aerodrome for Santacruz Airport and tried to land his aircraft. It overshot the runway falling just short of the traffic road ahead and several residential buildings when its nose wheel got stuck in a ditch at the end of the runway. All passengers survived.
1970s
  • On 9 September 1970, BOAC 775 was flying from the then Santacruz Airport to London Heathrow International airport with stopovers in Bahrain and Beirut. It was hijacked by PFLP hijackers after taking off from Bahrain and diverted to Dawson's Field.
  • On 24 December 1972, Japan Airlines Flight 472, operated by Douglas DC-8-53 landed at Juhu Aerodrome instead of Santacruz Airport. The aircraft overran the end of the runway and was damaged beyond economic repair.[70]
  • On 12 October 1976: Indian Airlines Flight 171, a Sud Aviation SE 210 Caravelle had its right engine catch fire shortly after take off. The crew attempted to return, but the plane crashed approximately 1000 feet short of Runway 09. All six crew members and their 89 passengers were killed.
  • On 1 January 1978 Air India Flight 855 a Boeing 747-237B crashed into the Arabian Sea after take off from Mumbai, killing all on board (213 persons; 190 passengers, 23 crew).
  • On 4 August 1979: a Hawker Siddeley HS 748 aircraft was approaching Sahar International Airport (now Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport) at night and in poor weather when it flew into high terrain approximately 6 mi (9.7 km) from the airport, killing the four crew and their 41 passengers.
2000s
  • On 4 September 2009, Air India Flight 829 a Boeing 747437 flying on the Mumbai-Riyadh route caught fire at the Airport. The fire started in number one engine while the aircraft was taxing to Runway 27 for take-off. An emergency evacuation was carried out with no injuries among the 228 people (213 passengers and 15 crew) on board.[71]
  • On 10 November 2009, Kingfisher Airlines Flight 4124, operated by ATR 72-212A VT-KAC skidded off the runway after landing. The aircraft suffered substantial damage but all 46 passengers and crew escaped unharmed.[72]
2010s
  • On 2 September 2011, Turkish Airlines Flight TK-720, from Istanbul, skidded off runway N8 after landing. No injuries were reported but the incident has been called "serious" by an official and a probe has been ordered.[73]
  • On 9 March 2013, Indigo Airlines flight 6E 433 from Chandigarh landed at 6:35pm skidded of runway 27 between taxiways N8 and N7. However the pilot managed to bring the aircraft back onto the runway and failed to warn ground control or the ATC. A airport jeep saw damaged runway lights at 6:42pm and reported it. Checks on aircrafts confirmed that the Airbus A320 did skid of the runway and had come back on.[74]
  • On 11 March 2013, Air France flight AF 217 took off from Mumbai at around 4am bound for Paris. After detecting engine failure, the pilot contacted air-traffic control , requesting a return and asking for emergency services to be readied. The plane landed at 4.45am (30 minutes passed between detection and landing). Airport officials said a preliminary check conducted by the fire team did not show anything amiss, but a tool was found during a check by maintenance officers.[75]

Awards and honours

  • Fourth-best Airport in the World in the 1520 million passengers category by Airports Council International, notably for aerobridges, fancy food courts, spas and salons.[66]
  • Best Airport in India by the Airport Council International.
  • Best Airport in Public-Private Partnership by the Air Passengers Association of India (APAI).[76]
  • Aeronautical Excellence Airport of the Year 2008 from Frost & Sullivan.[77]
  • First Airport in India to Implement Self-Service Kiosks and CUTE (Common Use Terminal Equipment) check-in systems.[78]

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