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Airport Melbourne (Australia)
| Melbourne Airport Tullamarine Airport |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| IATA: MEL ICAO: YMML | |||
| Summary | |||
| Airport type | Public | ||
| Owner | Australia Pacific Airports Corporation Limited | ||
| Operator | Australia Pacific Airports (Melbourne) Pty Ltd | ||
| Serves | Melbourne | ||
| Location | Melbourne Airport, adjacent to Tullamarine | ||
| Elevation AMSL | 434 ft / 132 m | ||
| Coordinates | |||
| Website | |||
| Runways | |||
| Direction | Length | Surface | |
| m | ft | ||
| 09/27 | 2,286 | 7,500 | Asphalt |
| 16/34 | 3,657 | 11,998 | Asphalt |
| Statistics (20072008) | |||
| Passengers | 24,260,000[1] | ||
| Aircraft Movements | 193,826[2] | ||
Melbourne Airport (IATA: MEL, ICAO: YMML), also known as Tullamarine Airport, is the primary airport serving the city of Melbourne, and the second busiest airport in Australia. Located 23 kilometres (14 mi) from the city centre, adjacent to the suburb of Tullamarine, it was opened in 1970 to replace the nearby Essendon Airport. Melbourne Airport is the sole international airport of the four airports serving the Melbourne metropolitan area.
The MelbourneSydney air route, is the fourth most-travelled passenger air route in the world,[3], and Melbourne is the most common destination for the airports of five of Australia's capital cities. Melbourne serves as a hub for Qantas and Virgin Blue, Jetstar Airways and Tiger Airways Australia utilise the airport as home base. Melbourne is also a major freight hub, serving as headquarters for Australian air Express and Toll Priority.[4] In 2003, Melbourne received the International Air Transport Association Eagle Award for service, and two National Tourism Awards for tourism services.[5][6][7] Skytrax, an airline consultancy company, classifies it as a four-star airport.[8]
Contents |
History
By the early 1960s, Melbourne's Essendon Airport facilities were insufficient to meet the increasing demand for international air travel. Essendon's runways were too short to handle proposed, newer jet airliners intended for international travel, and the terminals could not handle the increased passenger traffic. Expansion of Essendon was not possible due to the airport having become surrounded by residential housing.[9]
On 27 November 1962, Prime Minister Robert Menzies announced a five-year plan to provide Melbourne with a AU$45 million "jetport" by 1967.[10][11] A site in Tullamarine was chosen, maintaining proximity to Essendon.[9] In October 1964, Ansett Australia launched the Boeing 727, the first jet aircraft used for domestic air travel in Australia, placing further strain on Essendon and the need for a new airport.[9]
In line with the five-year plan, the airport was ready to handle aircraft by 1967, but not passenger flights. Air Force One landed at the airport on 22 December 1967 carrying United States President Lyndon B. Johnson.[12] Prime Minister John Gorton officially opened the airport on 1 July 1970 to much fanfare. The first domestic flight landed on 26 June 1971,[13] and the first arrival of a Boeing 747 occurred later that year.[14]In the first year of operations, Melbourne handled six international airlines and 155,275 international passengers[14]
In 1988, the Australian Government formed the Federal Airports Corporation (FAC) and placed Melbourne Airport under operational control of the FAC, along with 21 other airports.[14] The domestic terminals were significantly upgraded in 1990, and an upgrade of the international terminals began in 1991.[14] In April 1994, the Australian Government announced that all airports operated by Federal Airports Corporation would be privatised in several phases.[15] The carparks were upgraded between 1995 and August 1997.[14]
Melbourne Airport was privatised on 2 July 1997, when it was leased to the newly formed Australia Pacific Airports Corporation Limited.[14] In July 1997, the Melbourne Airport website was launched, providing Australia's first real time flight operations data over the internet.[14] Since privatisation, further improvements to infrastructure have begun at the airport, including expansion of runways, car parks and terminals.
Melbourne Airport was originally called Tullamarine Airport, after the adjacent suburb of the same name.[9] International has sporadically been used in the name of the airport. After privatisation, the name changed to Melbourne Airport, following the lead of most other major Australian airports. Locally, the airport is commonly referred to as Tullamarine or simply as Tulla[16][17] to distinguish the airport from the other Melbourne airports; Avalon, Essendon and Moorabbin.
Awards and accolades
Melbourne Airport has been the recipient of numerous awards. The International Air Transport Association ranked it among the top five airports in the world in 1997 and 1998,[18][19] and in 2003 presented it with the Eagle Award.[5][20]The Australian Airport Association named it the Airport of the Year in 1999,[19] while Business Traveller Magazine and Airports Council International have ranked Melbourne highly; in the top ten every year from 1996 to 2000,[19][21] and top five for airports that handle between 15 and 25 million passengers.[22][23] Melbourne is classified as a four-star airport by Skytrax.[8]
The airport has received recognition in other areas. It has won national and state tourism awards,[6][7] and Singapore Airlines presented the airport with the Service Partner Award and Premier Business Partner Award in 2002 and 2004 respectively.[19][24] In 2006, the airport won the Australian Construction Achievement Award for the runway widening project, dubbed "the most outstanding example of construction excellence for 2006".[25]
Operations
Melbourne is the second busiest airport in Australia after Sydney. The airport is curfew-free and operates 24 hours a day, although there are few passenger aircraft movements between 2 am and 4 am, only freight aircraft.[26]
In 2004, the environmental management systems at the airport were accredited ISO 14001, the world's best practice standard, making it the first in Australia to receive such accreditation.[27]
Route developments
Between 2005 and 2007, Melbourne Airport faced capacity strains with a shortfall of 500,000 international seats.[16] British Airways pulled out of Melbourne, but Qantas replaced the lost flights in March 2006.[28] This was compounded by the loss of the last European carrier, Austrian Airlines, in March 2007.[29]
Over the 200809 fiscal year, there has been a series of capacity increases at the airport, resulting in 725,000 new international seats.[30] Korean Air began flying to Seoul on 22 September 2007, providing the first direct link to South Korea.[31] Norfolk Air began operations, with a weekly flight to Norfolk Island. Cathay Pacific increased its services to Hong Kong to thrice daily in October 2007[32] and Thai increased their flights to twice daily on 30 March 2008. Qantas began flights to Shanghai in 2008, Air China made its ShanghaiBeijing flights non-stop, avoiding Sydney,[33] and China Southern Airlines added capacity to Guangzhou.[34] Domestically, Skywest introduced a thrice-weekly PerthKalgoorlieMelbourne service in November 2007 to cater for the mining industry, but this will end in November 2008.[35] Tiger Airways Australia began operations in November 2007 with Melbourne Airport as its sole hub, serving destinations throughout Australia from Terminal 4.
Air New Zealand began daily direct flights to San Francisco via Auckland from 30 March 2008.[26] Jetstar began flights to Singapore via Darwin on 17 April 2008, competing on price compared to the traditional non-stop flight.[36] Air Vanuatu began a weekly service to Port Vila on 5 June 2007[37] and Norfolk Air added a second weekly flight to Norfolk Island on 1 September 2008.[38] Both Malaysia Airlines and Garuda Indonesia increased their services in July 2008.[39]
Pacific Blue entered the underserved Auckland market with daily flights from 22 September 2008 using the 737-800,[40] while Air New Zealand also increased capacity.[41] Qantas will significantly increase capacity to Los Angeles by progressively replacing the non-stop 747-400ER with the A380-800 from 20 October 2008[42] and replacing the last A330-200 one-stop services with the 747-400. Low cost carrier AirAsia X will begin flying non-stop to Kuala Lumpur from 12 November 2008, competing with Malaysia Airlines on price. It will initially be flying four times a week before eventually increasing to daily.[43] Emirates Airline will go thrice daily on 3 February 2009 using the Airbus A340-500.[44] Etihad Airways will launch daily flights to Abu Dhabi from 29 March 2009 using the A340-600, providing further competition in the Middle East market.[45]
Prospective users and routes
- Air Canada Considering resuming Melbourne, timeframe indeterminate[46]
- Air India Originally planned to launch 1 November 2007,[47] but now deferred till early 2009[48][49]
- Japan Airlines After Qantas's withdrawal from the route, they are considering re-launching flights to Tokyo.[50]
- Jetstar Airways Expansion to Kuala Lumpur,[51] Rome and Athens when the airline receives its Boeing 787 aircraft.[52]
- Qatar Airways Received government approvals,[53] and plans to launch service in late 2008.[54] However, this may be delayed until late 2009 due to availability of aircraft.[55]
- Royal Brunei Airlines Trialed charter in 2003,[56] has held discussions with Melbourne Airport and plans to launch services, timeframe indeterminate[57][58]
- Virgin Atlantic Currently codeshares with Singapore Airlines and is evaluating services using the Boeing 787, timeframe indeterminate.[59][60]
- Viva Macau Plans to launch flights by December[61]
- AlphaJet A new start up airline in the Australian domestic market will use Melbourne Airport as its hub,[62] commencing November[63] however this may be delayed due to regulatory approvals[64]
Airbus A380
Construction works have been undertaken to prepare the airport for the arrival of the double-decker Airbus A380. The A380 has been purchased by several airlines using the airport including Malaysia Airlines, Qantas, Thai, China Southern Airlines, Singapore Airlines, Etihad Airways and Emirates. The improvements included the construction of dual airbridges (Gates 9 and 11) with the ability to board both decks simultaneously to reduce turnaround times, widening of the North/South runway by 15 metres (49 ft) as well as remote stands and taxiways. The airport extended the international terminal building by 20 metres (66 ft) to include new penthouse airline lounges, and constructed an additional baggage carousel in the arrivals hall. As a result, the airport was the first in Australia to be capable of handling the A380.[65] The A380 made its first test flight into the airport on 14 November 2005.[66] On 15 May 2008, the A380 made its first passenger flight into the airport, when a Singapore Airlines Sydney-bound flight was diverted from Sydney Airport because of fog.[67]
From 20 October 2008, Qantas was the first airline to operate the A380 from the airport, flying non-stop to Los Angeles International Airport twice a week. This was the inaugural route for the Qantas A380.[42] Qantas will be followed by Emirates, who will operate the A380 to Dubai International Airport in 2009.[68] Singapore Airlines intended to start operating the A380 to Singapore Changi Airport in 2008,[69] but this has been delayed to the first quarter of 2010.[70]
Avalon Airport
When Jetstar was established in 2004, it decided to operate interstate flights from Avalon rather than Melbourne Airport.[71] This made Melbourne the only city in Australia with two commercially served airports, and generated airport competition for the first time in an Australia city. To compete with Avalon, Melbourne established the Budget Terminal and lowered landing fees. This made it the cheapest arrival point in Australia,[72] and one of the cheapest international airports in the world.[73] AirAsia X was widely expected to launch international flights to Kuala Lumpur from Avalon in October 2008.[74] However, Linfox's proposal to upgrade Avalon to international facilities was rejected on 5 June 2008.[75] This prompted AirAsia X to announce flights from Melbourne Airport on 20 August 2008.[43] Linfox had vowed to resolve the Government's concerns and build the terminal,[75] but on 14 November 2008, it was announced that upgrading Avalon to handle international flights would no longer be viable due to the government's resistance.[76]
Runways
Melbourne Airport has two intersecting runways, a 3,657 metres (12,000 ft) North/South runway and a 2,286 metres (7,500 ft) East/West runway. As traffic is growing, several runway expansions are planned. An 843 metres (2,770 ft) extension of the North-South runway to lengthen it to 4,500 metres (15,000 ft) and a 1,214 metres (3,980 ft) extension of the East-West runway to a total of 3,500 metres (11,000 ft) are planned.[77] Two new runways are planned; a 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) runway parallel to the current North-South runway,[77] and another 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) runway south of the current East-West runway.[77] Traffic movement is expected to reach 248,000 per annum by 2017, necessitating a third runway.[78]
On 5 June 2008, it was announced that the airport intends to install a Category III landing system, allowing planes to land in low visibility conditions, such as fog, by the end of 2008. This system will be the first of its kind in Australia.[79]
Melbourne Centre
In addition to the onsite control tower, the airport is home to Melbourne Centre, an air traffic control facility that is responsible for the separation of aircraft in Australia's busiest Flight Information Region, Melbourne FIR. Melbourne FIR contains airspace over Victoria, Tasmania, southern New South Wales, most of South Australia, the southern half of Western Australia, and airspace over the Indian and Southern Ocean. In total, the centre controls 6% of the world's airspace.[80] The airport is also the home of the Canberra Approach and Melbourne Approach facilities, which provide control services to aircraft arriving and departing at those airports.
Traffic and statistics
Melbourne Airport recorded more than 24.2 million passengers in 200708. 4.77 million of those were international, with the remaining 19.36 million being domestic. There were 193,826 aircraft movements, the vast majority being domestic passenger services.[2] In the long term, the compounded average annual growth rate (CAAGR) for passenger movements is between 3.3% and 4.3%. For aircraft movements, the CAAGR is between 1.8% and 2.6%.[77] This firmly entrenches Melbourne as Australia's second busiest airport, ahead of Brisbane,[81] and behind Sydney.[82]
The following table lists passenger statistics for Melbourne Airport. Forecast statistics are in dark grey.
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Access
Car
Melbourne Airport is 23 kilometres (14 mi) from the Central Business District, and is accessible via CityLink and the Tullamarine Freeway. One freeway offramp runs directly into the airport grounds, with a second opened in 2005 to the south to serve freight transport, taxis, buses and airport staff.[86] Melbourne Airport has five car parks, all of which operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The short term, multi-level long term, business and express carparks are undercover, while the long term parking is not.[87] The main multi-level carpark in front of the terminal was built in the late 1990s, replacing the ground level car parking.[88] It has been progressively expanded ever since.
Public transport
The Skybus Super Shuttle service is the main public transport link to the airport, taking approximately 20 minutes to reach Southern Cross Station in the Melbourne central business district. From Southern Cross, travellers can access V/Line regional and Connex Melbourne suburban trains, Yarra Trams and interstate train and bus services.[89] Three local bus services under the Metcard fare system service the airport: Route 478 between Moonee Ponds Junction and Melbourne Airport, Route 479 from Moonee Ponds to Sunbury via the airport, and Route 500 between Broadmeadows railway station and Victoria University in Sunbury.[89]
There are nine other bus companies serving the airport, with services to Ballarat, Bendigo, Dandenongs, Frankston, Mornington Peninsula, Geelong, Melbourne suburbs, Shepparton and the Riverina.[90] These negate the need to transfer onto V/Line services. A daily return service from the states northstarting in Shepparton, passing through Nagambie, Seymour and Broadfordis operated by Airport Direct.[91] Bendigo Airport Service offers return buses between Bendigo and the airport four times a day. From Geelong, Gull Bus operates approximately every one to two hours.[92]
Rail link
A rail link from what was then known as the Broadmeadows (now the Craigieburn Suburban Line) to the airport was mooted in the 1960s, but little progress was made.
In 2001, the state government investigated the construction of a heavy rail link to the airport under the Linking Victoria program. Two options were considered, branching off the Craigieburn Suburban Line to the east, or branching off the Albion Goods Line, which passes close to the airport's boundary to the south; the second option was preferred.[93] Market research concluded most passengers preferred traveling to the airport by taxi or car, and poor patronage of similar links in Sydney and Brisbane cast doubt on the viability of the project.[94] This led to the project being deferred until at least 2012. On 21 July 2008, the Premier of Victoria reaffirmed the government's commitment to a rail link and said that it would be considered within three to five years.[95] To maximise future development options, the airport is lobbying for the on-grounds section of the railway to be underground.[96][77]
Terminals
Melbourne Airport's terminals have 56 gates; 40 domestic and 16 international.[97] There are six dedicated freighter parking positions on the Southern Freighter Apron.[98] The current terminal numbering system was introduced in July 2005; they were previously known as Qantas Domestic, International, and South (formerly Ansett Domestic).[99]
Terminal 1
Terminal 1 hosts domestic services for Qantas Group airlines, Qantas, Jetstar and QantasLink, and is located to the northern end of the building. Departures are located on the first floor, while arrivals are located on the ground floor.
Terminal 1 has 15 parking bays served by aerobridges. Of these, 11 are served by single aerobridges whilst 4 are served by double aerobridges.
In late 1999, an expanded Qantas terminal was opened, featuring a second pier, a new access roadway, and the expansion of the terminal. The works cost $50 million and took two years to complete.[88] Today a wide range of shops and food outlets are situated at the end of the terminal, near the entrance into Terminal 2. Qantas has a Qantas Club lounge in the terminal.[100][101]
Terminal 2
Terminal 2 handles all international flights out of Melbourne Airport, with the exception of Jetstar's flight to Singapore, which operates via Darwin. The terminal has 16 gates, although gates 1216 are 'standoff' (or non-airbridge gates). Cathay Pacific, Malaysia Airlines, Qantas, Singapore Airlines, Air New Zealand/United Airlines and Emirates Airline all operate airline lounges in the terminal.[101]
Terminal 2 has 11 parking bays supported by aerobridges. Of these, 3 are served by double aerobridges whilst 8 are single.
A $330 million expansion program for Terminal 2 was announced in 2007. The objectives of this project include new lounges and retail facilities, a new satellite terminal, increased luggage capacity and a redesign of customs and security areas.[102] A new satellite terminal will feature floor-to-ceiling windows that offer views of the North/South runway. The new concourse will include three double-decker aerobridges, each accommodating an A380 aircraft or two smaller aircraft. The baggage handling capacity will be increased and two new baggage carousels will cater for increased A380 traffic. Work commenced in November 2007 and will be completed in stages through to 2012.[103]
Although described as a satellite terminal, the terminal building will be connected by an above-ground corridor to Terminal 2. Diagrams of the proposed extension indicate that departures will take place on the lower deck (similar to the A380 boarding lounges currently in use at Gates 9 and 11), with arrivals streamed on to the first floor to connect with the current first floor arrivals deck.
Terminal 3
Owned by Melbourne Airport, Terminal 3 is home to Virgin Blue, Regional Express and Skywest. It currently has 11 parking bays served by single aerobridges.
The expansion of the terminal was approved in 2000 and completed in 2002 when a second pier was added to the south for use by smaller regional airlines.[104][105] The terminal was used exclusively by Ansett Australia until its collapse in 2001;[106] as a result, Virgin Blue moved in from what was then called Domestic Express (now Terminal 4),[107] and has since began operating The Lounge in the terminal.[101][108] Regional Express also operate an airline lounge in the terminal.[109]
Terminal 4
Terminal 4originally called the Domestic Express, or South Terminalis dedicated to budget airlines and is the first facility of its kind at a conventional airport in Australia. Originally constructed for Virgin Blue and Impulse Airlines, it has also been used by Regional Express. Virgin Blue and Regional Express eventually moved into Terminal 3 following the demise of Ansett.[110] A $5 million refit began in June 2007[111] along the lines of the budget terminal model at Singapore Changi Airport and Kuala Lumpur International Airport. Lower landing and airport handling fees are charged to airlines due to the basic facilities, lack of aerobridges, and fewer amenities and retail outlets compared to a convention terminal. The terminal was rebuilt by Tiger Airways Australia, who have used it as their main hub since they operated their first domestic flight on 23 November 2007.[112]
Jetstar Airways confirmed its involvement in discussions with Melbourne Airport regarding the expansion of terminal facilities to accommodate for the growth of domestic low cost services. The proposed expansion of Terminal 4 includes infrastructure accommodating Tiger Airways Australia and Jetstar Airways flights. These plans are currently in development and the expansion of Terminal 4 would include the relocation of the current freight centre. If approved, the development is expected to cost hundreds of millions of dollars and take five years to complete.[17]
Southern Freighter Apron
The Southern Freighter Apron has five dedicated freighter parking positions, which host 21 dedicated freighter operations a week.[98] In August 1997, the fifth freighter parking position and the apron was extended.[14]
Other facilities
Melbourne Airport is served by three hotels. A Hilton is located 100 metres (330 ft) from Terminal 2, atop the multi level carpark. Work commenced on the six-story 280 room hotel in January 1999, which was completed in mid-2000.[88] Holiday Inn have an outlet located 400 metres (1,300 ft) from the terminal precinct. Motel Formule 1 offers lodgings located 600 metres (2,000 ft) from the terminals.[113] A BP petrol station, Mercedes-Benz dealership and a McDonald's are located on the main entrance road.[114] Melbourne Airport Golf Club is located adjacent to the North/South runway.[115]
Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate services to Melbourne Airport using their own aircraft. Many others operate services as codeshares.[116]
| Destinations by Region |
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| Airlines | Destinations | Terminal |
|---|---|---|
| Air China | Beijing, Shanghai-Pudong | 2 |
| Air Mauritius | Mauritius | 2 |
| Air New Zealand | Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin [seasonal], Queenstown[26], Rarotonga[26], Wellington | 2 |
| Air New Zealand Cargo operated by Atlas Air | Auckland, Chicago-O'Hare, Frankfurt, Shanghai-Pudong[117] | Southern Freighter Apron |
| Air Pacific | Nadi | 2 |
| Air Vanuatu | Port Vila[37] | 2 |
| AirAsia X | Kuala Lumpur[43] | 2 |
| Australian air Express | Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Canberra, Hobart, Launceston, Perth, Sydney, Townsville | Southern Freighter Apron |
| Cargolux | Auckland, Los Angeles, Luxembourg, Singapore[26] | Southern Freighter Apron |
| Cathay Pacific | Hong Kong | 2 |
| Cathay Pacific Cargo | Hong Kong, Sydney | Southern Freighter Apron |
| China Eastern Airlines | Shanghai-Pudong | 2 |
| China Southern Airlines | Guangzhou | 2 |
| Emirates Airline | Auckland, Dubai, Singapore | 2 |
| Etihad Airways | Abu Dhabi [begins 29 March[45]] | 2 |
| Garuda Indonesia | Denpasar/Bali | 2 |
| Korean Air | Seoul-Incheon | 2 |
| Malaysia Airlines | Kuala Lumpur | 2 |
| MASkargo | Kuala Lumpur, Sydney | Southern Freighter Apron |
| Norfolk Air operated by Our Airline | Norfolk Island [begins 21 May[118]] | 2 |
| Norfolk Air operated by OzJet | Norfolk Island [ends 21 May[118]] | 2 |
| Philippine Airlines | Manila | 2 |
Qantas (International)
|
Adelaide, Auckland, Hong Kong, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Queenstown [seasonal], Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, Sydney, Wellington
|
2 |
Qantas (Domestic)
|
Adelaide, Alice Springs, Brisbane, Broome [seasonal], Cairns, Canberra, Hobart, Perth, Sydney
|
1 |
| Regional Express | Albury, Burnie, King Island, Merimbula, Mildura, Mount Gambier, Wagga Wagga | 3 |
| Singapore Airlines | Singapore | 2 |
| Singapore Airlines Cargo | Adelaide, Auckland,[26] Singapore | Southern Freighter Apron |
| Thai Airways International | Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi | 2 |
| Tiger Airways Australia | Adelaide, Alice Springs, Canberra, Gold Coast, Hobart, Launceston, Mackay, Perth, Rockhampton, Sunshine Coast | 4 |
| Toll Priority | Adelaide, Alice Springs, Brisbane, Darwin, Launceston, Perth, Sydney | Southern Freighter Apron |
| United Airlines | Los Angeles | 2 |
| Vietnam Airlines | Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City | 2 |
| Virgin Blue |
|
2 |
| Virgin Blue | Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Canberra, Coffs Harbour, Gold Coast, Hobart, Mildura,[120] Newcastle, Launceston, Perth, Sunshine Coast, Sydney | 3 |
Accidents and incidents
- On 29 May 2003, Qantas Flight 1737en route to Launceston Airportwas hijacked shortly after takeoff. The hijackers had intended to fly the plane into the Walls of Jerusalem National Park located in central Tasmania. The flight attendants and passengers successfully subdued and restrained the hijacker, and the plane turned around and landed safely at Melbourne.[121][122]
- On 21 February 2005, a mystery illness caused the evacuation and closure of what was then the South Terminal. The incident began at 7:10 am when a female collapsed in the terminal building. The terminal was closed at 10:10 am because several individuals exhibited symptoms and were hospitalised. In all, 57 individuals were treated by ambulance officers, 47 of whom were hospitalised. All flights landing at the affected terminal were bused to the Patrick Freight facility and unloaded. The South Terminal reopened at 6 pm. The mystery illness was never determined.[123][124]
See also
- City of Keilor the former local government area of which Melbourne Airport was a part
- List of airports in Australia
- Transport in Australia
- Avalon Airport
- Moorabbin Airport
- Essendon Airport
Notes
- ^ The airport is the number one destination for Perth, Adelaide, Hobart, Canberra, and Sydney Airport. It is not the number one destination for Brisbane or Darwin Airport, where it falls second.[85]
References
- ^ (2008-07-21). "2007/2008 passenger results positive for Melbourne Airport". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-07-21.
- ^ a b c "Movements at Australian Airports" (PDF). Airservices Australia (June 2008). Retrieved on 2008-09-27.
- ^ OAG (2007-09-21). "OAG reveals latest industry intelligence on the busiest routes". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-08-23.
- ^ "2003 Annual Report" (PDF). Melbourne Airport (2003). Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ a b (2003-06-03). "Melbourne's Airport A World Class Operator". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ a b (1998-10-16). "Melbourne Airport Wins Australian Tourism Award". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ a b (2000-12-01). "Second Major Australian Tourism Award for Melbourne Airport". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ a b "World Airport Star Ranking". Skytrax. Retrieved on 2008-08-12.
- ^ a b c d "Essendon Airport, Tullamarine Fwy, Strathmore, VIC, Australia". Register of the National Estate. Retrieved on 2008-09-27.
- ^ "Melbourne to Get Jetport In 5-Year Development Plan", The New York Times (1962-11-27). Retrieved on 27 September 2008.
- ^ "12,000-Car Melbourne Jam", The New York Times (1970-06-29). Retrieved on 27 September 2008.
- ^ "Melbourne to Get Jetport In 5-Year Development Plan", The New York Times (1967-12-22). Retrieved on 27 September 2008.
- ^ "Essendon Airport History". City of Moonee Valley. Retrieved on 2008-07-20.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "1997-1998 Annual Report" (PDF). Melbourne Airport (1998). Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ "Airport Privatisation". MarketResearch.com (2006-04-25). Retrieved on 2008-07-20.
- ^ a b Moynihan, Stephen (2007-07-13). "Tiger bites into fares, but Tulla bleeds", The Age. Retrieved on 31 July 2008.
- ^ a b Murphy, Mathew (2008-05-19). "Jetstar bid for Tulla expansion", The Age. Retrieved on 30 June 2008.
- ^ (1998-04-20). "Melbourne Airport Voted in Top 5 World Airports". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ a b c d "Melbourne Airport Awards". Melbourne Airport. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ "Eagle Award Recognition 1998 - 2008". International Air Transport Association. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ (2000-10-26). "Melbourne Airport Is Tops For Business Travellers". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ (2008-02-23). "Melbourne Airport named in World's Top Five". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ Airports Council International (2008-02-25). "Airport Service Quality Awards 2007". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ (2004-06-25). "Melbourne Airport awarded by Singapore Airlines". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ (2006-06-20). "Runway widening project wins major Aust. construction award". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Melbourne Flight summary". Melbourne Airport. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ "Melbourne Airport Environment". Melbourne Airport. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ "Qantas to double flights between Melbourne and London", Asia Travel Tips (2005-12-15). Retrieved on 31 July 2008.
- ^ Moynihan, Stephen (2007-01-24). "Austrian Airlines flies out", The Age. Retrieved on 31 July 2008.
- ^ (2008-08-27). "End of Year Wrap Up for Australia Pacific Airports Corporation". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-09-26.
- ^ Murphy, Mathew (2007-09-05). "Korean Air to announce new Melbourne service", The Age. Retrieved on 30 June 2008.
- ^ (2007-07-19). "Cathay Pacific goes triple daily from Melbourne". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-30.
- ^ "Air China strengthens position as carrier of choice between Australia & China", e-Travel Blackboard (2007-10-10). Retrieved on 30 June 2008.
- ^ "China Southern introduces Melbourne-Guangzhou direct service", e-Travel Blackboard (2007-10-05). Retrieved on 30 June 2008.
- ^ Skywest Airlines (2008-07-29). "Skywest Suspends Kalgoorlie to Melbourne Services". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-07-31.
- ^ "Jetstar to fly Melbourne-Singapore route", The Age (2008-01-23). Retrieved on 30 June 2008.
- ^ a b "Air Vanuatu to commence Melbourne service", Aviation Record (2008-03-13). Retrieved on 30 June 2008.